O uso de tecnologias do cuidado em vista a humanização do parto

Abstract

The movement for humanization in childbirth has been anoption to change the current healthcare practices,when the delivery is done from the humanization perspective itacknowledge the idea of promoting actions that aims more effective and qualified obstetric care through reducing the inappropriate use of technology and the excessive medicalization. It is believed that the practice of physical exercises during pregnancy may be considered a strategy to this change in procedures, due to its positive effects during the pregnancy period, labor and birth it is characterized as a type of obstetric care technology. This study aimed to analyze the labor and birth conditions of a group of women who participated in a program of physical exercises in order to integrate it as a technology obstetric care. There were 160 pregnant women enrolled in prenatal of the Family Strategy Health Units in Cuiabá - MT. The exposed group consisted of 40 women who participated of16 sectionsof physical exercises, and 120 pregnant women were part of the non-exposed group who did not participate in the proposed activities. The study period occurred from December 2012 to May 2013 and the data related to labor and birth were collectedfrom the clinical records of three public hospitals part of the SUS system. The results are presented in two manuscripts. The first examined the obstetric practice and the maternal and fetal outcomes of care provided by SUS and it was found high rates of caesarean sections and obstetric practices and the predominance of the technical model of childbirth care. The second manuscript examined the impact of physical exercises during pregnancy on the conditions of labor and birth and showed that there was an association of physical activity with the type of delivery and the practice of amniotomy, oxytocin and episiotomy, revealing further that the risk for the occurrence of these practices is higher among those who did not participate in the exercise with RR > 1 program. Regarding the conditions of birth, physical exerciseswere associated only with the birth weight. As a conclusion physical exercises during pregnancy has produced satisfactory results on maternal and fetal conditions standing out as an obstetric caretechnology.