Dissertação
Ganho genético para caracteres agronômicos de genótipos de feijão avaliados em Santa Maria entre 1998 e 2021
Fecha
2022-04-22Autor
Santos, Greice Godoy dos
Institución
Resumen
In Brazil, the supply of beans is not always enough to meet consumer needs. As it is a
culture of great importance to the national rotine of food, the use of cultivars with
greater productive potential, early cycle and upright plant architecture are desired both
by producers and by breeding programs. Therefore, evaluating the genetic gain
obtained for these agronomic traits is necessary to analyze efficiency in launch of new
common bean cultivars. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the
genetic gain of grain yield and its components, as well as phenological and plant
architecture traits applied to a database of Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU)
experiments conducted from 1998 to 2021. All experiments were carried out in a
randomized block design, with three or four replicates, in experimental area of the
Federal University of Santa Maria, in rain and dry seasons. The treatments consisted
of bean genotypes of different types of grains obtained by the Southern Brazilian
Common Bean Network. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield, number of
pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, flowering, cycle, lodging,
general adaptation score, height of insertion of the first pod, and height of the last pod.
The genetic gain was estimated by the Vencovksy methodology. The new common
bean lines developed between 1998 and 2021 show desirable genetic gain for grain
yield (1.50%), mass of 100 grains (2.15%), lodging (-3.64%), general adaptation score
(-2.47%), and height of insertion of the first pod (4.83%). On the other hand, number
of pods per plant (-5.83%), number of grains per pod (-0.45%), flowering (0.95%), cycle
(0.29%), and height of insertion to the last pod (1.83%) did not correspond to the
expectations of the breeding programs. Finally, common bean cultivars with high grain
yield and upright plant architecture are being launched by breeding programs, meeting
the demand of rural producers for efficiency in mechanized harvesting.