O lado obscuro da tecnologia da informação e comunicação em micro e pequenas empresas: problemas e soluções

Abstract

Micro and small companies are predominant in Brazil and abroad. Together, this size of companies is responsible for the greater employability of citizens, income generation and production of a country, in addition, it was essential for the recovery of nations during economic crises. Knowing this importance, governments and funding agencies have increasingly invested in them. However, micro and small companies are affected by the restriction of resources such as qualified labor, knowledge and, mainly, financial resources. To remain competitive, some resort to Information and Communication Technology, which often cause even more problems during or after the process of adopting these technologies. Little literature addresses the subject, making the problems faced in this process little known. The present work sought to identify and understand the problems that occur during or after the implementation of information and communication technology in micro and small companies and, also, what actions are used to solve, mitigate or transfer these problems, if any. Regarding the problems and solutions, we seek to understand their behavior over 21 years and whether the type of technology used, nationality of the companies, sector and section of activity of the companies is influenced. A systematic literature review was carried out, using the snowballing technique, retrieving works from 21 previous years, after data were extracted and tabulated and descriptive statistics were applied to reach the objective. 129 different problems were identified, divided into 12 categories. Solutions are even more neglected by the literature, with 48 different solutions that have been divided into 10 categories.