Percepção do clima ético e Síndrome de Burnout de enfermeiros hospitalares

Abstract

The ethical climate appears as a way to perceive and understand the influence of organizational practices and procedures on workers' ethical beliefs and behaviors, while burnout represents a consequence caused by the excessive wear and tear of energy and resources that commonly affect workers, being constituted professional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement. The present study had as its general objective: to identify the relationship between ethical climate and burnout in nurses working in the hospital environment. And specific: to analyze the association between ethical climate and sociodemographic and work variables of nurses working in the hospital environment; identify the prevalence of burnout among nurses who work in the hospital environment; describe the profile of nurses with burnout. This is a cross-sectional study. The population consisted of nurses from the University Hospital of Santa Maria, who completed the instruments of sociodemographic and labor characterization, the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey - Brazilian version and the Maslach Burnout Inventory from April to July 2019. The analysis of the data occurred through descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion 049598. As for the results, 269 nurses participated in the study, 88.1% were female and with an average age of 40.6 years (Standard Deviation = 8.65). Those who held leadership positions, had been in the institution for a longer time, had a higher level of education and reported being satisfied in the work environment, evaluated the ethical climate positively. On the other hand, professionals who were away from work, who were not satisfied with their sector and intended to leave their jobs or nursing, noticed the negative ethical climate. There was a significant association between the ethical climate and the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and professional achievement. There was no significant association between ethical climate and burnout. Nurses who were in high professional exhaustion and depersonalization and low professional achievement and assessed the negative ethical climate were mostly female 90% (n = 36), 94.3% (n = 33) and 87.5% ( n = 35), white 87.5% (n = 35), 88.6% (n = 31) and 97.5% (n = 39) and with partner 70% (n = 28), 65, 6% (n = 23), 70% (n = 28). It is concluded that the ethical climate in general showed differences when it comes to certain variables and dimensions of burnout, which can be enhanced through strategies that encourage interpersonal relationships between the multiprofessional team, management and patients. More research is suggested with larger samples in hospital services, in order to obtain results that can assist in different contexts related to work organization and worker health so that there is harm reduction and qualified care.