Dissertação
Estratégia para aumento de cobertura vacinal em pacientes adultos com diabetes mellitus de um hospital universitário terciário: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado
Fecha
2022-05-25Autor
Guerra, Giulia Limana
Institución
Resumen
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a steadily rising prevalence in recent years.
Immunization is an important health protection strategy in these patients. Individuals with this
disease have a higher risk of fungal, viral and bacterial infections when compared to the general
population. Immunization is an important health protection strategy in these patients. It is
recommended that patients with diabetes mellitus have updated vaccines for influenza,
pneumonia, hepatitis B and tetanus, which in Brazil are made available by the Unified Health
System. This study aims to evaluate whether there is an increase in vaccination rates in patients
with DM who have received guidance to update their vaccination schedules for the four
vaccines mentioned above. It consisted of a randomized controlled trial between December
2018 and November 2020. The sample consisted of 228 patients from the Endocrinology
outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. Of these, 205 were randomized into
an intervention group (n=102) and control group (n=103) and after the losses, 68 patients were
analyzed in the intervention group and 71 in the control group. The intervention consisted of a
telephone call guiding updating of the vaccination schedule for the evaluated diseases. It was
expected to find a positive relationship between orientation and increased vaccination rate in this
study. In the intervention group, there was a significant increase in the proportion of people
vaccinated for the four diseases. 79.4% of the intervention group was vaccinated for influenza,
and after the intervention, the number rose to 89.7% (p=0.016); 29.4% of the intervention group
was vaccinated for hepatitis B, and after the intervention, the number rose to 48.5% (p=0.002);
51.5% of the intervention group was vaccinated for tetanus, and after the intervention, the
number rose to 72.1% (p=0.007); 22.1% of the intervention group was vaccinated for
pneumonia, and after the intervention, the number rose to 29.4% (p=0.049). In the control group,
there was no significant increase in the proportion vaccinated for either disease.