Caracterização da madeira de Ateleia glazioviana Baill. para usos múltiplos

Abstract

The interest in native species is growing in the sense of expanding the diversity of raw materials and valuing local species. The present study aimed to characterize Ateleia glazioviana wood for multiple purposes in the market, covering its technological properties for the qualified targeting of its use. Three individuals of the species were collected on the campus of UFSM-Santa Maria/RS, with an average diameter of 32cm, 15m in height and 25 years old. The research was divided into stages: Step I) Determination of the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the wood. With the chemical analyzes, the contents of lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, ash and total extracts were determined. For the evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties, the parameters of density, retraction, anisotropy, static flexion, MOE and MOR, and dynamic flexion through the absorbed work (W), resilience coefficient (K), dynamic dimension and resistance to the impact (fbw). Step II) Drying the wood to evaluate the performance and quality of drying the wood outdoors and in an oven with a constant temperature of 60ºC. In this step, specimens of dimensions 64x10x2.50cm were made to carry out the drying process. Once the equilibrium moisture content was reached, the drying rate for the species was determined and the drying defects were evaluated. The main defects evaluated were bending, cupping, bending and cracking. Step III) Immediate chemical analysis and assessment of the wood's energy potential through the production of briquettes. Briquettes were produced with different granulometries than wood particles. The evaluated results included the immediate analysis (ash content, volatile material and fixed carbon), calorific value, basic and energetic density, and mechanical resistance of the briquettes. Step IV) Production of chipboard panels. Two treatments were performed with variation in the formation of the particle mattress, Treatment 1 with homogeneous layer and Treatment 2 multilayer and, for evaluation, the results of the physical and mechanical tests of the panels were obtained. The results of the steps carried out showed that the wood of A. glazioviana has a density of 0.58g/cm², medium to low retractability, and the anisotropic factor indicated normal behavior. In mechanical tests, the wood was considered resistant to impacts and resilient. In chemical properties, the high levels of total extracts, lignin and ash stood out. Regarding the drying results, in general, the species proved to be satisfactory in terms of defect incidence, with no collapsed parts or others that would prevent its use, therefore, within the quality standards of the norm. The twisting defect was more severe in kiln-dried parts and cracks were more significant in parts exposed to the open air. The energetic properties of the wood had an ash content of 0.17%, a volatile material content of 85.30%, a fixed carbon content of 14.52% and a higher calorific value of 4460.74kcal/kg, and the property mechanics analyzed in the briquettes indicated greater resistance of the treatment formed with particles of smaller granulometry. In the results of the panels, the best results were obtained with the homogeneous panels and the viability of their use was proven.