Dissertação
Diabetes mellitus na gestação: prevalência, desfechos das induções e caracterização das gestantes e recém-nascidos atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria
Fecha
2020-03-20Autor
Barros, Giana Nunes Mendonça de
Institución
Resumen
Diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy is an unfavorable environment for
embryonic and fetoplacental development and is the most common metabolic
disorder in pregnancy. Due to its repercussion, it is necessary to assess its
prevalence, characteristics of pregnant women with this pathology and perinatal
outcomes. In addition, the question is raised whether there is an increase in the rates
of cesarean sections, due to early labor induction, a practice adopted at Hospital
Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM).The objective of this study was to study the
prevalence of DM in pregnancy, characterize diabetic pregnant women treated at
HUSM and to analyze the gestational outcomes of these pregnant women and
newborns. This study included 885 patients who delivered at HUSM between
January 2017 and January 2018, with review of medical records. Data on pregnant
women, prenatal care, pregnancy outcome, puerperium and data from newborns
were evaluated. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables was performed
and for the qualitative variables, the chi-square test was used, with a significance
level of 5%. The study respected the ethical precepts contained in the National
Health Council Resolution nº466 / 2012, the same is an addendum to the Evolution
and Outcome of Pregnancy Project monitored at HUSM. The prevalence of diabetes
in pregnancy was 13.1%, which is below the average of national and global
prevalence. Most diabetic pregnant women received prenatal care, pregnancy
complications presented, held over 6 consultations, gestational age over 37 weeks,
did not go into labor, and the most frequent mode of delivery was cesarean. As for
newborns, when compared to non-diabetic mothers, they had no higher rate of
complications, Intensive Care Unit admissions and macrosomia. There was a
significant association of diabetes with multiparity. Regarding the mode of delivery,
the study showed an increase in cesarean section rate among patients with diabetes.
However, it did not confirm the hypothesis that cesarean sections occurred after
unsuccessful labor inductions. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal
time of birth of diabetic mother's child, since complications of newborns of mothers
with diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is confirmed.