Educação empreendedora: características e atitudes de discentes e docentes

Abstract

This study objective to analyze the relationship of characteristics and attitudes of students and faculty of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen campus, from the perspective of entrepreneurial education. A qualitative and quantitative, exploratory, descriptive study was carried out, based on theoretical-empirical research and data triangulation. The first stage of the research, called informal research, identified teachers who, in the students' opinion, develop singular activities in the classroom. From the informal research were selected the two most mentioned teachers in each course for the interviews, which used a semi-structured script. For the qualitative analysis of the data, the content analysis method was used (BARDIN, 2011). From this analysis emerged categories such as preparation and didactics, teaching as a priority, concern regarding the teaching process, teacher motivation and teacher and student behavior. For the quantitative approach, the questionnaire on Entrepreneurial Behavioral Characteristics (CCE's) developed by McClelland (MANSFIELD et al., 1987) and the Entrepreneurial Attitude Measurement Instrument (IMAE) developed by Souza and Lopez Jr. (2005) were applied. A total of 410 undergraduate students participated in the informal survey, of the interviews 12 teachers and 597 undergraduate students and 12 teachers answered the instruments. The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated by the Alfa Cronbach Coefficient, attesting reliability to the measurement and evaluation of the constructs. Data were analyzed from statistical tests. Regarding the results of the questionnaires, it was inferred that the entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics with lower average among the students were calculated risks and persistence; For the teachers were to take calculated risks and persuasion and networks of contacts. As for the entrepreneurial attitude, students and teachers presented the four dimensions surveyed, with average positive scores and close to the maximum limit. The association of the two approaches was performed by the data triangulation technique. It was verified that the students recognize the professors that develop singular activities, evidenced the need of training of the teachers of the UFSM-FW, in relation to practices that intensify the characteristics and entrepreneurial attitudes through the entrepreneurial education. As a result, there was still similarity between the characteristics and attitudes of students and teachers, these have ten entrepreneurial characteristics, however with low intensity (between 15 and 20 points), when the maximum score is 25. The dimensions of entrepreneurship Obtained satisfactory scores among the subjects surveyed, except for the planning dimension that was the strongest among the teachers. In view of the results evidenced, it is necessary to reflect on the activities already carried out by the teachers interviewed, in order to enable the improvement of these activities and dissemination among the other teachers of the institution, since less than half of the teachers were cited as singles in the research Informal, enabling practices adhering to the development of entrepreneurial characteristics and attitudes, because at the moment in which these practices are perfected, students and teachers are offered a different form of learning, towards entrepreneurship education.