Trabalhadores com deficiência e participação no mercado de trabalho: um estudo em município de médio porte gaúcho

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the participation of people with disabilities in the labor market in the city of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Materials and Methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive and qualitative-quantitative study. Data were collected between October 2017 and December 2018. Workers with disabilities were interviewed (through semi-structured interview) and answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, besides the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-Bref). Non-disabled workers, managers and one server of a legal sector were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed in a descriptive way by the Chi-Square and Kruskal Wallis tests (significance level of 5% [p<0.05]), and data triangulation was also performed. Results: 192 workers with disabilities, 77 managers, 192 workers without disabilities and one server of a legal sector participated in this study. The results are presented and discussed into two academic papers. The first one – Workers with disabilities: sociodemographic analysis of living and health conditions – focused on analyzing sociodemographic, health, functional, working and living conditions of workers with disabilities in the labor market. It was observed that the mean age was 39.7 years, with prevalence of males, physical disabilities, elementary education and middle class. Most have earned their first job through the distribution of resumes, as well as hold positions in management and private companies. Occupations are associated with gender, schooling and type of disability; socioeconomic conditions are associated with occupations. The younger workers are in the sales functions and the older workers in the education functions; those of public enterprises are more participatory in social movements. The mean value of the functional assessment was 10.7 and the quality of life was 69.4. The second paper – Perception of workers, employers and legal sector on the participation of people with disabilities in the labor market – aimed to understand the inclusion of people with disabilities in the labor market from the perception of managers and workers with and without disabilities, as well as to comprehend the legal sector action in this process. It was verified the prevalence of males among workers with and without disabilities and female among managers; the majority of workers in both groups had completed Higher Education, while most managers had completed Higher Education (Area of Education) and did not participate during professional training in discussions on the inclusion of people with disabilities in the market of work. The majority of workers with and without disabilities occupied jobs in administrative sectors and those of managers were from educational institutions. Most did not participate in institutional discussions regarding inclusion. Of the 192 workers without disabilities, 22.3% worked in the same sector of the disabled. Architectural, attitudinal and communication barriers were identified in the inclusion process; facilitators were also evidenced - the majority presented a favorable perception about the process. It was verified that the legal body is subject to supervision. Conclusion: the socioeconomic factors of workers with disabilities reflect their working, living and health conditions; managers and workers without disabilities were not prepared for the inclusion of workers with disabilities, responding, thus, to the legal obligations, so that barriers and facilitators for the inclusion process occur through intuitive organization without formal education of those involved.