Avaliação da composição química e potencial biológico das flores, folhas, caules, frutos e sementes da espécie vegetal Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. (Pacotê)

Abstract

The Cochlospermum vitifolium specie, popularly known as pacotê, is a medicinal plant used of treatment of hypertension, hepatitis, jaundice, hyperglycemia and inflammatory disorders, in addition have increase menstrual flux property, that can be attributed the presence of chemical compounds of species. However, not have chemical and biological studies with isolated parts of the plant, so, the study aimed to identify chemical compounds present in ethanolic extract, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol/water fractions of C. vitifolium flowers, leaves, stalks, fruits and seed and evaluate the antioxidant and leishmanicide effect in vitro, as well as evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of flowers in vivo experimental models. The chemical profile of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fractions of flowers, leaves and stalks of C. vitifolium was evidenced by UPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The compounds of flowers were identified as hydrolysable tannins (galotannins, galoylquinones, ellagitannins), flavonoids, phenolic derivatives of polyamide spermidine, hydroxylated fatty acids, in addition to the compounds: quinic acid, syringic acid, dihexoside of cinnamic acid and arjunolic acid. For the stalks the prunin, taxifoline, aromadendrin, naringenin and kaenferol were identified, besides some compounds also observed in the flowers. The total phenolic content was express in equivalents of gallic acid per gram of sample, highlighting the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers (525.90 mg EAG/g). The antioxidant potential was evaluated for diphenylpicryl hydrazine (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity, iron and cooper-chelating, reducing power, superoxide (O2-) and hydroxyl (OH-) radicalscavenging assays.The sample that demonstrated the greater anti-radical activity against the radical DPPH (IC50 = 5.03 ± 0.10), chelation of copper ions of 84.26% and sequestration of the O2 - radical (99.18%) at 0.05 mg/mL was ethyl acetate fraction. The ethanolic extract and fractions of flowers, leaves, stalks and fruits showed reductive capacity dose-dependent, with reducing power above 100% by 0.25 mg/mL. The methanolic fraction from the fruits showed greater capacity antioxidant against the (OH- ) radical (39.84% in 0.3mg/mL). The best ability to chelate iron ions (52.27% in 0.3mg / mL). The leishmanicide activity was evaluated for promastigotes forms, which the hexanic fraction from the leaves and stalks were capable of inhibit parasite growth. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from the flowers of C. vitifolium demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in vivo experimental models. The results revealed the presence of important chemical compounds in samples of C. vitifolium, which could be responsible for the antioxidant, leishmanicidal and antiinflammatory activity, revealing a therapeutic potential for the development of new molecules with anti-inflammatory activity.