Avaliação da morbidade e mortalidade infantil de 2000 a 2015 no Brasil

Abstract

Over the years, greater attention has been paid to the health of the child population, so that the major causes of mortality and morbidity, observed in children under one year of age, are for reasons considered avoidable by Primary Health Care. factors that contribute to the reduction of these values and, consequently, improvement of health care are family income, fertility level, mothers' education and environmental conditions, and the quality of health care can be evaluated by infant mortality due to causes avoidable. Thus, it emerged to the motivation to ascertain the situation of Brazil. The present research sought to analyze the spatial distribution of infant morbidity and mortality in the period from 2000 to 2015 in Brazil. It is an ecological study of temporal trend with spatial correlation, using data from DATASUS, through the Hospital Information System and Information System in Mortality, from 2000 to 2015, collected in the period from January to April 2017. The dependent variables of the study are hospitalizations and mortality in children under one year, and the independent, causes of illness, Human Development Index, income, schooling and coverage of basic care. For statistical analysis, we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences through the study of mean, median, standard deviation, student t test and chi-square, using a 95% Confidence Interval and in TerraView and GeoDa spatial analysis. When the average Mortality Rate was evaluated, there was a reduction in the average between the first (100.87), the second fiveyear period (82.42) and the third of 83.25. There was a high Infant Mortality Rate in the North and Northeast regions. When correlated with the independent variables, it presented Clusters in the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South regions. When the Hospital Admission Rate was evaluated, it was observed that between the first (66.89) and second (53.38) five years there was a decrease in the averages and an increase in the third (56.79) five-year period. The major causes of Infant Mortality were: Some conditions originating in the perinatal period with (57.3%), Congenital malformations, deformities and chromosomal anomalies, Some infectious and parasitic diseases (6.1%), Symptoms, signs and abnormal examination findings (5.9%) and Diseases of the respiratory system (5.8%). The major causes of hospitalization were: respiratory diseases (33.7%), some conditions originating in the perinatal period (31.9%), some infectious and parasitic diseases (17.1%), diseases of the digestive system %) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (2.1%). When correlated with coverage of Primary Care and Childcare consultations Clusters were observed in the Midwest, South and Southeast regions. The results of this investigation showed that the independent variables interfere in the health-disease process in common areas. This suggests a greater attention to the policies implemented and a specific planning in order to modify the reality of the data presented here and guarantee a qualified child care.