Innovación en tecnologías en plantas de tratamiento de agua residual para la eliminación de antibióticos, bacterias resistentes y genes de resistencia antibiótica: una revisión

Abstract

The excessive use of antibiotics has given way to their presence in wastewater and aquatic ecosystems, causing alterations in these and affecting public health by the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). One way to reduce these negative impacts is by improving urban wastewater treatment. This review presents 46 research out of 10 antibiotic elimination technologies, ARBs and ARGs after a systematic review of the subject, in order to evaluate the elimination efficiency of each, as well as the influence of the countries where they have been implemented and thus mitigate the risk of exposure in water sources. As a result, it was obtained that the photo-fenton treatments and the electrochemistry are the ones that obtain greater efficiencies of elimination of antibiotics; however, for the microbial agents ARB and ARG, the gamma radiation and the photocatalysis with TiO2 and UV turned out to be superior by their percentages of removal corresponding to 99.9%. It was found that China is the country with more scientific research conducted on the subject, an aspect that can be correlated with the health effects faced by the population of this country, being one of the largest consumers of antibiotics in the world, followed by publications Colombia that stands out for its studies on the efficiency of electrochemistry.