Diseño de un controlador para el seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT) en paneles solares

Abstract

The DC / DC switched converters applied to photovoltaic systems are the focus of this investigation. In the first part of the work, the importance of this type of work is sustained, a state of the art on CC / DC converters and MPPT algorithms is presented, in addition to the work methodology, as well as the objectives and justification of the work. Next, the solar resource is discussed. A consultation and analysis of collected data is presented about the energy potential in Villavicencio and in Bogotá. They also study the mathematical models of solar panels, and the most appropriate way to simulate them using software. At the end, results of simulations in PSIM on solar panels and their behavior are presented. Switched converters are the object of analysis of this work. The simulations of the converter circuit in PSIM are shown, in addition to the mathematical model of the converter in simulink. A mathematical development of the stable state regime and the transitory regime is also presented. The results on simulations in open loop of the converter are also shown. Three algorithms were studied for the DC / DC converter model. It started with the P & O and Incremental Conductance algorithms, and finally the control in sliding modes. The results of simulations are presented, as well as images of the signals that describe the behavior of the circuits. The experimentation is described in the final part of the document. The three MPPT algorithms were implemented on a microcontroller, taking as variables the intensity and output voltage of the panel. Finally, a section of conclusions and discussion of the results obtained in the project is presented, in front of the limitations of the work and comparing with the current devices of the power converters.