Prevalencia de la hipoglucemia en población con DM2 y terapia con insulina. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: diabetes is a pathology that year after year increases significantly, generating a relevant expense for the different health systems at regional and global levels. Among the lines of treatment is insulin, currently included in the health benefits plan for Colombia, however, its use and adherence can be affected by adverse events such as episodes of hypoglycemia. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hypoglycemic events in the Latin American population with DM2 and the use of insulin, analyzing risk factors and the definitions of hypoglycemia used within each of the articles. Methods: A systematic review of the literature of retrospective observational studies were carried out that evaluated the rates of any type of hypoglycemia in the population with DM2 and the use of insulin. Results: Five studies with populations from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and México met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The analysis of insulin treatment included the use of human insulins and analogs, long-acting and rapid-acting insulins. The results of the prevalences ranged from 3.1% to 43.6%, this percentage is lower in the hospital setting compared to the articles that analyzed the outpatient setting. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity of the results between the rates of hypoglycemia in the population with DM2 and the use of insulin, the differences between outpatient and hospital care stand out. Among the risk factors reported in the literature for these events, we consider social vulnerability a relevant factor in future research.