Efectos en la función renal en población expuesta a mercurio: revisión de alcance

Abstract

Introduction: Mercury is a toxic metal, used by industry for labor and mining activities. Mercury wastes that enter the population indiscriminately have become a public health problem, given the alterations, it produces at the level of the different organic systems. However, the relationship between mercury exposure and its effects on the kidney is not clear. Objective: To characterize the alterations in kidney function parameters and the factors related to mercury exposure in the occupational and environmentally exposed population. Methodology: Scope review, primary original studies from the Science Direct, Pubmed, and SciELO databases in English and Spanish from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed. Socio-demographic characteristics, factors related to mercury exposure, and diagnostic tests to evaluate kidney damage. 480 articles were initially identified in databases. Results: A total of 34 articles were selected for full-read analysis. Thirteen studies were found in the occupational population exposed to mercury; renal function indicators such as albumin (P = 0.03), IgG (P <0.01), and α 1 -microglobulin (P = 0.04) in urine were significantly elevated in the miners. Nine publications were found with exposure to mercury in children, reporting an association between levels of mercury and albumin, β2MG, NAG, GST-α, and GST-π. Finally, 12 studies in environmentally exposed populations report that the concentration of mercury in blood has been reduced, without exceeding permissible limits (3.08 μg / L).