Características sociodemográficas relacionadas con la mortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico en adultos en Colombia. 2010-2017

Abstract

Introduction: Head trauma (TBI) has become a public health problem known as “the silent epidemic” in a predominantly young and economically active population of low and moderate income countries, according to the World Health Organization (WHO ) TBI will surpass many diseases as the main cause of death and disability by 2020. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics, the trend, the geographical distribution and the impact of mortality due to head trauma in people over 18 years of age in Colombia during the period 2010 to 2017 from the information provided by DANE. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out using the DANE database of non-fetal deaths in people over 18 years of age from January 2010 to December 2017, using ICD-10 diagnoses of cause of death. direct traumatic brain injury associated with the main sociodemographic variables documented in these registries. Selection and measurement biases are identified, as well as methods for their control, in accordance with the characteristics of the present study. Analysis: According to the specific objectives established, their respective statistical analysis was determined, measures of absolute and relative frequency, dispersion measures and central tendency were used, criteria were established to calculate the AVPP indicator, spatial statistics analysis by georeferencing in maps choroplastic and mortality rate analysis. The statistical package used was SPSS version 26 (CES University license), R version 4.0, and EPIDAT version 4.2. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics presented as qualitative dichotomous variables are presented by means of absolute and relative frequencies, those of continuous quantitative type are presented with means or medians according to their distribution, in addition mortality rates are reported by department, georeferencing, years of life potentially lost and main causes of death due to head trauma in the period of time from 2010 - 2017. Discussion: For the study time period, an average mortality rate of 10.77 per 100,000 inhabitants was registered, predominantly in young male adults, with violence as the main way of death, with homicides and traffic accidents standing out. a trend that follows the results obtained from studies in Latin America and the Caribbean, compared to European reports where higher mortality is recorded in the elderly population in the context of domestic accidents and falls. The YPLL analysis follows a global trend with a greater impact on the male population of economically active age in countries with low GDP, thus being a problem for public health. Conclusion: The burden of the disease attributed to mortality due to head trauma represents a public health problem that directly and indirectly affects the individual and the health systems, which generates the need to propose studies of methodological rigor to establish the factors of risk associated with its outcome and with this specific public policies for epidemiological surveillance, prevention and management of TBI.