Prevalencia y factores relacionados con desordenes musculoesqueleticos en personas que realizan teletrabajo, una revisión de alcance 2010 - 2021

Abstract

Introduction: The increase in teleworking in the last decade due to the pandemic caused by COVID 19 has generated greater productivity for companies, as well as a reduction in costs and resources, however, this has led to longer working hours for teleworkers being exposed factors that can affect their health, generating musculoskeletal disorders due to the lack of optimal conditions for carrying out their work activities. Objective: The purpose of our review is to determine musculoskeletal disorders and related factors in people who telework, due to the increase in this modality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A scope review of the literature was carried out where original primary studies from the PubMed, BASE, Science and Google Scholar databases of any country of origin were analyzed, which are available in full text in English and Spanish languages. ; and be published between 2010 and 2021. The variables that were taken into account were sociodemographic characteristics, factors related to musculoskeletal disorders, the position of the teleworker and a history of musculoskeletal disorders caused by factors external to teleworking. 50 articles were initially identified in the different databases. Results: A total of 20 articles were selected for full-read analysis. Six studies were found in teaching personnel and twelve in administrative workers exposed to a greater risk of presenting affectations in the spine, thoracolumbar and neck, since they do not have an ergonomic chair; in the cervical spine since they do not know the correct height at which the computer screen should be at eye level. In a lower percentage in shoulder, wrist / hand and elbow / forearm due to misuse of the mouse, keyboard and location of the equipment, in the same way to prolonged static postures and repetitive movements. It is recommended to carry out a redesign of the workplace, ergonomic training, design prevention programs to mitigate future musculoskeletal injuries, adopt and update the minimum provisions in safety, health and ergonomics. Conclusion: People who telework are exposed to developing musculoskeletal disorders, because they do not have adequate space to carry out their work at home, both because they lack the space, structure and ergonomic tools; and in the same way their lack of training is evident, since they do not know the correct positions to adopt when working at home.