Prevalencia y factores asociados a las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Neiva 2016-2017

Abstract

Aims: this research estimated the prevalence of IAAS and the association between associated factors and IAAS in patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Neiva for the years 2016-2017. Methodology: An analytical, observational, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population includes all the patients admitted to the ICU during the established time that meet the inclusion criteria. Intrinsic, extrinsic and related to the microorganism factors were considered. An initial descriptive statistic was performed with the calculation of measurements, standard and median deviations, for continuous variables and the calculation of frequencies for qualitative variables. For the contrast between categorical variables, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact statistic, as appropriate, was used, according to a significance level of 0.05. A WHONET model table was constructed with the information of the patients who contracted AAI in an Excel spreadsheet. For the multivariate analysis of the data the model was estimated with the statistical program SPSS 20 and using the logistic regression procedure. Results: 157 patients were admitted to the ICU. 29 patients contracted IAAS. The most important risk factors for acquiring IAAS in the study were detected from the procedures that occurred during hospitalization: the use of a central venous catheter, a bladder catheter, orotracheal intubation, and artificial mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The identification of the factors that increase the risk of IAAS is one of the fundamental aspects for the development of strategies and measures that require adequate control and treatment of this disease. The risk factors for IAAS are considered to be more associated with extrinsic factors.