dc.contributor | Sánchez Morales, Edgar Alberto | |
dc.creator | Estévez Ramírez, Gloria Marcela | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-02-07T23:48:23Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-02-07T23:48:23Z | |
dc.date.created | 2022-02-07T23:48:23Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80902 | |
dc.identifier | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | |
dc.description.abstract | Introducción: El cáncer de tiroides es una enfermedad oncológica considerada como la
neoplasia endocrina más frecuente y el tercer tumor más frecuente en las mujeres
colombianas. Tiene un buen pronóstico cuando la neoplasia está imitada a la glándula; sin
embargo, el pronóstico se ensombrece cuando compromete órganos a distancia, siendo
el pulmón, el órgano más comúnmente comprometido por metástasis. Existen pocos
estudios que caractericen las metástasis torácicas en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides.
Por lo tanto, determinar la prevalencia de cada tipo de metástasis torácicas en pacientes
con cáncer de tiroides y caracterizar las metástasis pulmonares, se traduce la
disponibilidad de más datos epidemiológicos que permitan a futuro plantear estudios en
torno a identificación de variables asociadas y factores pronósticos en pacientes con
carcinoma tiroideo y metástasis pulmonares.
Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico de casos
consecutivos en pacientes mayores de 18 años con cáncer de tiroides que asistieron a
consulta externa de un centro de referencia en cáncer de la ciudad de Bogotá entre 2016
y 2019.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 241 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue de 54.08 años (DE +/-
14.31). El 85,48% pertenecieron al género femenino. El 95.02% presentó carcinoma
papilar, 2.49% carcinoma folicular, 1.24% carcinoma medular, 0.41% carcinoma
anaplásico, 0.82% dos subtipos histológicos. La prevalencia de metástasis torácicas fue
del 21.99% y de metástasis pulmonares del 20.75%. Las metástasis mediastinales,
pleurales, en la vía aérea y la pared torácica se presentaron en un 0.83% cada una. Los
pacientes con metástasis torácicas tenían una media de edad de 59.3 (DE +/- 12.8) años,
mediana de peso e IMC de 63 kg (RIQ 53-71) y 26.11 (RIQ 22.10 – 29.80)
respectivamente. El 90.57% presentaron carcinoma papilar y un estadio clínico al
momento del diagnóstico de I en el 33.96% y II en el 35.85%. Las comorbilidades más
frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (32.08%), hipoparatiroidismo (20.75%) y
compromiso ganglionar cervical (86.79%). El síntoma más frecuente fue la disnea en un
11.32% seguido de la tos presentada en un 3.77%. El 90.0% de los pacientes con
metástasis torácicas presentaron tiroglobulina mayor a 0.2ng/ml y un 20.7% tenían
anticuerpos anti-tiroglobulina (TgAb) detectables. Un 43.4% presentaron lesiones yodo
captantes en la gammagrafía con I131. Al comparar los pacientes que presentaron
metástasis torácicas con aquellos que no, se encontró que hubo una diferencia
estadísticamente significativa en variables tales como: la edad (p=0.002),el estadio clínico
(p<0.001), el peso (p=0.0046), índice de masa corporal (p=0.025), el antecedente de
enfermedad renal crónica (p=0.022), falla cardiaca (p=0.010), la parálisis de cuerda vocal
(p=0.013), compromiso ganglionar a nivel cervical (p=0.007), antecedente de exposición
a combustibles de biomasa (p=0.004); así como características clínicas y paraclínicas
como la presencia de disnea en los pacientes con metástasis (p=0.004) la ausencia de
síntomas en los pacientes sin metástasis (p=0.002). y valores de tiroglobulina mayores a
0,2ng/ml (p<0.001).
Conclusiones: El presente estudio, muestra una prevalencia de metástasis torácicas del
21.99% sin documentarse estudios similares comparables, sin embargo, sí se evidenció
una mayor prevalencia de metástasis pulmonares a la reportada tanto en la literatura
global, como en un estudio local de Manizales, Colombia. Los pacientes más afectados
con metástasis pulmonares fueron los mayores de 55 años, diferente a lo reportado en la
literatura global. El 69.81% de los pacientes con metástasis presentaron estadios I y II al
momento del diagnóstico, lo que sugiere progresión de la enfermedad; por otro lado, en
cohortes internacionales se presentó un estadio IV al momento del diagnóstico. Se
encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con presencia de metástasis torácica,
a la presencia de linfadenopatías cervicales; hallazgo que fue contemplado y analizado en
una cohorte asiática. Sin embargo, en la literatura, se disponen de pocos estudios que
evalúen la prevalencia de metástasis torácicas, pulmonares, sus características y variables
asociadas; se requiere entonces estudios adicionales que evalúen dichos datos. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | |
dc.description.abstract | Introduction: Thyroid cancer is an oncological disease considered the most common
endocrine neoplasia and the third most common tumor in Colombian women. It has a good
prognosis when the neoplasia is limited to the gland; however, compromising organs at a
distance show a worse prognosis. The lung is most commonly site compromised by
metastases. There are few studies that characterize chest metastases in patients with
thyroid cancer. Therefore, to determine the prevalence of each type of thoracic metastases
in patients with thyroid cancer and to characterize pulmonary metastases, results in more
epidemiological data available, that will allow future studies regarding the identification of
associated variables and prognostic factors in patients with thyroid carcinoma and
pulmonary metastases.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases
in outpatients over 18 years of age with thyroid cancer who attended in a reference cancer
treatment center between 2016 and 2019.
Results: A total of 241 patients were included. The population age average was 54.08
years old (SD +/- 14.31). 85.48% were female. 95.02% had a papillary carcinoma, 2.49%
had a follicular carcinoma, 1.24% had a medullary carcinoma, 0.41% had an anaplastic
carcinoma, 0.82% had two histological subtypes. The chest metastases’ prevalence was
21.99% and the pulmonary metastases’ prevalence was 20.75%. Mediastinal, pleural,
airway and chest wall metastases occurred each in 0.83%. Patients with chest metastases
had an average age of 59.3 (SD +/- 12.8) years old, weight average was of 63 kg (RIQ 53-
71) and average BMI was 26.11 (RIQ 22.10 - 29.80). 90.57% had papillary carcinoma and
33.96% had I clinical stage at the time of diagnosis and 35.85% had II clinical stage. The
most common symptom was dyspnea in 11.32% followed by cough in 3.77%. 90.0% of
patients with chest metastases had thyroglobulin greater than 0.2ng/ml and 20.7% had
detectable anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies. 43.4% had iodine-capturing lesions in the
scan with I131. According to chest metastases, there was a statistically significant
difference in variables such as age (p = 0.002), clinical stage (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.0046), body mass index (p = 0.025), history of chronic kidney disease (p = 0.022), heart failure (p = 0.010), vocal cord paralysis (p = 0.013), ganglion involvement at the cervical
level (p = 0.007), history of exposure to biomass combustion (p = 0.004), presence of
dyspnea (p = 0.004) the absence of symptoms in patients in patients without metastases
(p = 0.002). and thyroglobulin values greater than 0.2ng/ml (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study shows a prevalence of thoracic metastases of 21.99% without
similar studies to compare, however, it shows a higher prevalence of pulmonary
metastases than reported in both global data and the one for Colombia. The oldest patients
(over 55-year-old) were most affected patients with pulmonary metastases. This data are
different from the reported global literature. 69.81% of metastasis’ patients had stages I
and II at diagnosis, suggesting disease progression; data that are different from an
international cohort. The stage IV was presented at the time of diagnosis in an international
cohort. Statistically significant association was find with the presence of chest metastasis
and cervical lymphadenopathies; a similar data founded in an Asian cohort. However, in
the literature, few studies are available to assess the prevalence of thoracic, pulmonary
metastases, the variables associated; more studies are required to evaluate such data. | |
dc.language | spa | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Bogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina Interna | |
dc.publisher | Departamento de Medicina Interna | |
dc.publisher | Facultad de Medicina | |
dc.publisher | Bogotá, Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
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dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.rights | Derechos reservados al autor, 2021 | |
dc.title | Prevalencia de metástasis torácicas en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides entre los años 2016 a 2019 en un centro de referencia de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia | |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Especialidad Médica | |