Aprovechamiento de biomasa lignocelulósica proveniente de rosas utilizando el proceso organosolv

dc.contributorGuerrero Fajardo, Carlos Alberto
dc.contributorAprovechamiento energético de recursos naturales - APRENA
dc.creatorRincón Rincón, Sahra Nathalíe
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-05T22:31:00Z
dc.date.available2020-11-05T22:31:00Z
dc.date.created2020-11-05T22:31:00Z
dc.date.issued2020-07-23
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78589
dc.description.abstractLa agroindustria es una de las actividades económicas que más se ha consolidado en el país en los últimos años, debido a que promueve la inversión extranjera. Esto es posible gracias a la variedad de climas y riqueza de ecosistemas que posee Colombia. La floricultura es uno los sectores más importantes, pues Colombia está posicionado como el segundo país exportador de flores a nivel mundial y la rosa es la principal especie exportada. No obstante, el proceso productivo de la rosa genera una cantidad considerable de residuos, que en muchos casos origina impactos ambientales negativos al no ser utilizados. Por tal razón, la valorización de la biomasa de tallos de rosas a través del proceso organosolv ofrece una alternativa más allá de la producción de abonos orgánicos. El objetivo de este trabajo de maestría fue evaluar la obtención de azúcares y lignina a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica proveniente de cultivos de rosas utilizando el proceso organosolv. Para esto, se realizó una caracterización de la biomasa por medio de un análisis próximo, análisis último y análisis composicional. El proceso organosolv se desarrolló utilizando un diseño experimental factorial multinivel en donde se evaluaron tres factores, temperatura (130 °C y 200 °C), tiempo (30 min y 90 min) y tipo de solvente (etanol – agua (1:1), glicerol – agua (1:1) y etanol – agua – glicerol (1:2:1)). Por último, se evaluó el rendimiento de azúcares y deslignificación de la biomasa, así como la obtención de lignina organosolv y los subproductos 5-HMF y furfural. El rendimiento de azúcares, 5-HMF y furfural en las fracciones líquidas y en los hidrolizados de las fracciones sólidas se midieron por medio de HPLC. El contenido de lignina soluble en ácido (LSA) se cuantificó por medio de espectrofotometría UV-Vis, mientras que la lignina insoluble en ácido (LIA) se determinó mediante análisis gravimétrico. El proceso organosolv realizado con una mezcla de etanol – agua (1:1) a 200 °C durante 30 min resultó en una mayor deslignificación y rendimiento de lignina organosolv con un 91% (p/p) y 11% (p/p) respectivamente. El aumento del tiempo de reacción de 30 min a 90 min con la misma temperatura y sistema de co-solvente resultó en una mayor recuperación de glucosa en la fracción sólida con un porcentaje del 71% (p/p), mientras que la mayor solubilización de xilosa (60% (p/p)) se presentó con la mezcla glicerol – agua (1:1) a 200 °C durante 30 min.
dc.description.abstractThe agroindustry in Colombia is one of the most consolidated economic activities in recent years because it promotes foreign investment. This is possible thanks to the variety of climates and wealth of ecosystems in the country. Floriculture is one of the most important sectors since Colombia is positioned as the second flower exporting country worldwide and the rose is the main exported species. However, the rose’s production process generates a considerable amount of waste, which in many occasions causes negative environmental impacts when these are not used. For this reason, rose stalks valorization through organosolv process offers an alternative beyond the production of organic fertilizers. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the obtaining of sugars and lignin from lignocellulosic biomass of rose crops using the organosolv process. For this, a biomass characterization was carried out by means of proximate analysis, elemental analysis and compositional analysis. The organosolv process was developed using a multilevel factorial experimental design, where three factors were evaluated: temperature (130 °C and 200 °C), time (30 min and 90 min) and type of solvent (ethanol – water (1:1), glycerol – water (1:1) and ethanol – water – glycerol (1:2:1)). Finally, sugars yield and biomass delignification were evaluated as well as the obtaining of organosolv lignin and 5-HMF and furfural by-products. The yield of sugars, 5-HMF and furfural in the liquid fractions and in the hydrolysates of the solid fractions were measured by means of HPLC. Acid soluble lignin content (ASL) was quantified through UV-Vis spectroscopy while acid insoluble lignin (AIL) was determined by means of gravimetric analysis. The organosolv process carried out with an ethanol – water mixture (1:1) at 200 °C for 30 min resulted in a higher delignification and organosolv lignin yield with 91 wt% and 11 wt% respectively. The increase in the reaction time from 30 min to 90 min with the same temperature and co-solvent system resulted in a greater glucose recovery in the solid fraction with 71 wt%, while the highest xylose solubilization (60 wt%) was presented with the glycerol – water mixture (1:1) at 200 °C for 30 min.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Ambiental
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleAprovechamiento de biomasa lignocelulósica proveniente de rosas utilizando el proceso organosolv
dc.typeOtro


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