| dc.description.abstract | Debido a las fluctuaciones climáticas que tiene el municipio de Guatavita, en donde pueden presentarse entre 2 y 5 meses de época seca al año, la oferta de alimento para los animales no es constante, y en muchas ocasiones es restringida. Para enfrentar esta problemática, se planteó el uso de los forrajes conservados como estrategia dirigida incrementar la oferta de alimento ofrecida a los animales. Se plantearon dos estudios: en el primero se planteó realizar la caracterización agronómica y nutricional de dos variedades comerciales de Avena sativa, para poder dar una recomendación sobre el momento óptimo de cosecha para la elaboración de ensilaje. En el segundo estudio, se evaluó la suplementación con Silo de Avena (Avena sativa), Silo de Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus), Heno de Kikuyo, y un tratamiento control sobre la producción y calidad composicional de leche en pequeños productores del municipio de Guatavita, bajo una oferta restringida de forraje (3Kg/100Kg PV). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el primer estudio, y teniendo en cuenta que las condiciones ambientales y de manejo fueron diferentes para las variedades de avena estudiadas, se recomienda cosechar la Avena sativa variedad Cayuse en el estado de maduración del grano lechoso – pastoso (22ton MS/Ha), y cosechar la Avena sativa variedad Dorada en el estado de floración (18,5ton MS/Ha), ya que en estos momentos se obtienen los mayores rendimientos por hectárea en cada una de las variedades de avena estudiada, para su posterior uso como suplemento alimenticio para los animales. En el segundo estudio, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el uso de los forrajes conservados evaluados y animales sin suplementación (control) para la producción y la calidad composicional de la leche (Proteína, Grasa, Lactosa, Cenizas y Sólidos Totales), ni para las variables de ganancia de peso (Peso final, Ganancia de peso, Ganancia diaria de peso). Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas para las variables de Leche Corregida Energía (LCE) (Kg/d), producción diaria de Sólidos Totales (ST) (Kg/d), Grasa y Proteína (Kg/d). La suplementación con silo de avena incremento la LCE en 1,46Kg/d, los ST en 140g/d, proteína en 66g/d y la grasa en 50g/d. El uso del silo de kikuyo incremento la LCE en 0,76Kg/d, los ST en 60g/d, la proteína en 36g/d y la grasa en 30g/d. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el tratamiento control y el uso de heno de kikuyo | |
| dc.description.abstract | Due to the climatic fluctuations at Guatavita and its surroundings, where they have a dry
period that can last between 2 to 5 months per year, the supply of feed for animals is not
constant, and is often restricted. To avoid this problem, the use of conserved forage was
considered as a strategy aimed to increasing the supply of feed allowance to animals.
Two studies were proposed: in the first one, it was proposed to carry out the agronomic
and nutritional characterization of two commercial varieties of Avena sativa, in order to
recommend the best harvest time for the silage making. In the second study,
supplementation was evaluated with Oat silage (Avena sativa), Kikuyu silage (Cenchrus
clandestinus), Kikuyu hay, and a control treatment on the production and compositional
quality of milk in small producers from the surroundings of Guatavita, under a restricted
pasture allowance (3Kg/100Kg LW). According to the results obtained in the first study,
and considering that each type of oat varieties was crop in different climatic surroundings,
it is recommended to harvest the Avena sativa Cayuse variety in the maturing state of the
milky-pasty grain (22ton DM/Ha), and harvest the Avena sativa Golden variety in the
maturing state of flowering (18.5ton DM/Ha), to obtain the highest dry matter yields per
hectare, and for later use as a feed supplementation for animals. Regarding the
evaluation of the 3 types of conserved forage as a supplement in the dairy cow, no
significant differences were found between the forage evaluated and animals without
supplementation (control) for the production and compositional quality of milk (Protein,
Fat, Lactose, Ash and Total Solids), or for the variables of weight gain (Final weight,
Weight gain, Daily weight gain). However, significant differences were found for the
variables of Energy Corrected Milk (ECM) (Kg/d), daily production of Total Solids (ST)
(Kg/d), Fat and Protein (Kg/d). Supplementation with oat silage increased the ECM by
1.46kg/d, the TS at 140g/d, protein at 66g/d and fat by 50g/d. The use of the kikuyo
silage increased the ECM by 0.76kg/d, the TS at 60g/d, the protein at 36g/d and the fat at
30g/d. No significant differences were found between control treatment and
supplementation with kikuyo hay. | |
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