Effect of fires and landscape configuration on mammals communities

dc.contributorArmenteras Pascual, Dolors
dc.contributorMuñoz Muñoz, Alberto
dc.contributorEcología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas – Ecolmod
dc.creatorGonzález Delgado, Tania Marisol
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-05T16:02:38Z
dc.date.available2021-10-05T16:02:38Z
dc.date.created2021-10-05T16:02:38Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80386
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.description.abstractFire is a key agent in the dynamics and organization of several ecosystems such as pastures and savannas (Parr and Andersen, 2006), also, in some cases it can act as a disturbance agent in numerous tropical forests (Armenteras, González, & Retana, 2013). • The Colombian Orinoco region is considered as a highly biodiverse area. Also, in the last decades has been one of the most affected areas in Colombia due to climate change, fire incidence, and negative pressures due to anthropogenic activities; drivers of the rapid transformation of natural landscapes. • The main objective of this study was to determine how fires influence the landscape configuration and how it affects the dynamics and structure of the non-volant small mammals. • To develop this study, we used a combination of fire remote sensing information, non-volant small mammals, and the associated vegetation of this taxonomic group. With this information we parametrized occupancy models for these animals in relation with fire and through a multiscale approach, we evaluated how vegetation diversity respond to fire, estimating its taxonomical and phylogenetical diversity, using Hills numbers. Finally, using radiotelemetry, we assessed the habitat use if the most abundant species in burned forest. • Overall, our results showed that fires in gallery forests have a differential impact over the community of non-volant small mammals. In some cases, fire can constrain, promote, or have not effects on the occurrence of non-volant mammals. These findings are strongly related with the affectation of vegetation due to fire. The parametrized models suggest that fire has a substantial effect on the species that use high vegetation strata, since these strata tended to disappear or decrease after the fire event. • Likewise, we found that fire had a negative impact over the vegetation diversity at different spatial scales. However, the effect varied depending on what was considered, the taxonomical diversity or the phylogenetical diversity, these evidenced differences between burned and unburned forests, and a phylogenetic replacement of dominant species. • The results presented in this thesis showed that wildfires in fire-sensible ecosystems, such as gallery forests, have negative effects on fauna and vegetation. These negative effects can interrupt the functioning of these forests.
dc.description.abstractEl fuego es un motor clave en la dinámica y estructuración de muchos ecosistemas en biomas como los pastizales y las sabanas (Parr and Andersen, 2006), además de ser en algunos casos ser un agente de perturbación como en muchos de los bosques tropicales (Armenteras et al., 2021). •La región del Orinoco es considerada como una zona con una enorme biodiversidad de plantas y animales. Es también una de las áreas más afectadas en Colombia por el cambio climático, la incidencia de incendios y las presiones negativas que causan algunas actividades productivas antrópicas, factores que han causado una rápida transformación de los paisajes naturales. •La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar cómo los incendios forestales influyen en la configuración del paisaje y se afecta la dinámica y estructura de la comunidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores. •Para desarrollar este estudio se utilizó una combinación de información de sensores remotos sobre incendios, con información en campo de los pequeños mamíferos no voladores y de la vegetación asociada a la ocupación de este grupo. Con esta información se parametrizaron modelos de ocupación de estos animales en relación con el fuego y por medio de un enfoque multiescalar, se evaluó cómo la diversidad de plantas responde a un incendio, estimando la diversidad taxonómica y filogenética a lo largo de los números de Hill. Finalmente, usando radiotelemetría, se evaluó el uso de hábitat de la especie más abundante en zonas de bosques quemados. •En términos generales, se evidencio que los incendios en bosques de galería tienen un impacto diferencial en la comunidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores. En algunos casos el fuego restringe, en otros promueve, y en otros casos no hay efecto en la ocurrencia de especies de mamíferos. Los hallazgos están fuertemente relacionados con la afectación de la vegetación por el fuego. Los modelos sugieren que el fuego tiene un efecto más sustancial en aquellas especies que utilizan los estratos superiores de la vegetación, estratos que tendieron a desaparecer o a disminuir a causa del fuego. •En referencia a la escala espacial, se encontró que el fuego tuvo un impacto negativo diferencial en la diversidad de plantas. Este efecto vario si se consideraba la diversidad taxonómica o la diversidad filogenética, evidenciando diferencias entre bosques quemados y no quemados, así como un recambio filogenético de las especies dominantes en las áreas afectadas. •Los resultados presentados en esta tesis también ponen en evidencia que los incendios forestales en ecosistemas sensibles al fuego como los bosques de galería estudiados, tiene efectos negativos en la fauna y en la vegetación, pudiendo interrumpir el funcionamiento de dichos bosques. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - Biología
dc.publisherDepartamento de Biología
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisherBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados al autor
dc.titleEffect of fires and landscape configuration on mammals communities
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado


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