dc.contributorArias Velandia, Nicolás
dc.contributorRojas Berrío, Sandra Patricia
dc.contributorManagement and Marketing (mym)
dc.creatorSaavedra Barbosa, Jhon Jairo
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-17T15:27:24Z
dc.date.available2021-02-17T15:27:24Z
dc.date.created2021-02-17T15:27:24Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-16
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79262
dc.description.abstractEn Colombia no se ha encontrado evidencia de estudios específicos documentados cuyo objeto sea la revisión de los procesos de toma de decisión tenidos en cuenta por un aspirante al momento de escoger una Institución de Educación Superior (en adelante, IES), tarea que si se ha llevado a cabo en otros países. Esto deriva en la apreciación que algunos de los modelos de reclutamiento estudiantil, los planes de marketing y los procesos de gestión educativa son basados y construidos generalmente en la caracterización detallada de sus aspirantes y estudiantes, más no en sus gustos, necesidades o preferencias. El presente trabajo confirma la anterior apreciación, ya que de un poco más de diez colegios entrevistados en este trabajo (entre públicos y privados), solamente han sido visitados tres de ellos por las IES, con el fin de hacer caracterización y mostrar interés en sus estudiantes, a pesar de que muchos de ellos quisieran estar en sus aulas estudiando un programa de educación superior. Esto llevó a la exploración de los vacíos e inconsistencias en el conocimiento que ya habían sido analizados en otros países (como se explica en este trabajo), con el fin de dar una visión más consistente del fenómeno a estudiar y de otros potenciales fenómenos relacionados con la apreciación propuesta (Burrell & Morgan, 1979), considerando además el posicionamiento metodológico de tipo pragmático. Por esta razón, este trabajo se realizó a través del método inductivo (que parte de principios particulares a los generales) y a partir de la observación empírica, se escogieron elementos de la revisión de la literatura para determinar cuáles serían los criterios de evaluación más relevantes que un aspirante tiene en cuenta para entrar a una IES. Con base en las diferentes perspectivas ontológicas que un estudiante tiene en cuenta para llevar a cabo la elección de un programa de tipo técnico, tecnológico o universitario en las diferentes IES en el país (recopiladas de la literatura y aplicadas al trabajo de campo), se determinaron 4 grandes frentes de análisis y más de 25 atributos de elección: Vocacional (en general una tendencia a determinada ciencia o conocimiento), de Elección (por ejemplo, entidad pública o privada) (Epple, Romano, Sarpça, & Sieg, 2017), de Selección (atributos como auxilios financieros, prestigio o costo) (Bergerson, 2009; Engström, 2015; Mehboob, Shah, & Bhutto, 2012) y de Origen (considerando variables como el nivel de ingresos, el nivel de estudios y la influencia de los familiares) (López-Bonilla et al., 2012; Walsh, Moorhouse, Dunnett, & Barry, 2015). Con el fin de lograr el objetivo propuesto, se aplicó un instrumento de 38 preguntas que cubre los frentes anteriormente mencionados, el cual fue contestado por 475 estudiantes de 10° y 11° y estudiantes de 1° y 2° semestre de varias instituciones educativas a nivel nacional. Posterior al análisis de la información recopilada, los resultados muestran cómo los estudiantes hacen su elección teniendo en cuenta factores de decisión tales como: importancia de la calidad de los programas académicos, buen ingreso a nivel profesional y costos del programa, lo cual puede ser un elemento a tomar en cuenta por parte de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, de tal manera que apoyen sus planes de marketing y de reclutamiento estudiantil a líneas de pensamiento y de necesidades mucho más enfocadas a cumplir lo que el estudiante desea aprender y lo que le serviría para aplicar en su vida laboral. Esto no está pasando en la educación de tipo tradicional, la cual está dejando de ser relevante para las generaciones de jóvenes nacidos durante el nuevo milenio. Por último, el valor de este trabajo es indagar y aportar en las necesidades, características y criterios de escogencia de estudiantes y potenciales estudiantes, con el fin de enriquecer mucho más los estándares de decisión de las IES en la orientación de sus planes de marketing, reclutamiento estudiantil y gestión educativa, además de que podría ser la vía por medio de la cual se pueden romper las barreras sociales y apalancar el desarrollo regional y nacional en nuestro país. No obstante, el estudio puede hacerse en una población más grande y el análisis de la información puede generar diferentes tendencias, a pesar de que el error marginal del mismo es del 5% sobre la población analizada
dc.description.abstractIn Colombia, specific studies have not been found to review an applicant's decision-making processes when choosing a Higher Education Institution (HEI). Still, this work has done in other countries, resulting in the position that some of the student recruitment models, marketing plans, and educational management processes are generally based and built on their applicants and students' detailed characterization, but not on their drives, needs, or preferences. This work confirms the previous position, since out of a little more than ten schools interviewed in this work (between public and private), only three of them has visited by HEIs, to make characterization and show interest in their students, even though many of them would like to be in their classrooms studying a higher education program. This study led to the exploration of knowledge gaps and inconsistencies that had already been analyzed in other countries (as explained in this work), in order to give a more consistent view of the phenomenon to be studied and of other potential phenomena related to the proposed position (Burrell & Morgan, 1979), also considering the pragmatic methodological positioning. For this reason, this work was carried out through the inductive method (which starts from particular principles to general ones) and based on empirical observation of the elements from the literature reviewed and chosen to determine which would be the most relevant evaluation criteria that an applicant takes into account to enter an HEI. According to the literature review and based on the different ontological perspectives that a student takes into account to carry out the choice of a technical, technological, or university program in the different HEIs in the country (collected from the literature and applied to fieldwork), four large fronts of analysis and more than 25 attributes of choice were determined: vocational (usually a tendency to a particular science or knowledge branch), choice (e.g., public or private entity) (Epple, Romano, Sarpca, & Sieg, 2017), Selection (attributes such as financial aid, prestige or cost) (Bergerson, 2009; Engstrom, 2015; Mehboob, Shah, & Bhutto, 2012) and origin (considering variables such as income level, level of study and influence of family members) (López-Bonilla et al., 2012; Walsh, Moorhouse, Dunnett, & Barry, 2015). To achieve this purpose, it applied an instrument of 38-questions, answered by 475 students of 10th and 11th grade, and students of first and second semesters of some HEIs at the national level to reach the proposed objective, covering topics mentioned above. After analyzing the collected information using multivariate and conjoint analysis, the results show how students carry out their decision-making process, considering: the importance of the quality of academic programs, good income after their studies, and costs involved in the program. The relevant criteria found are elements that could be harnessed by HEIs, leveraging their marketing plans and recruiting methods with thought lines focused on what the student wants to learn and could apply in their working life. It is not happening in the traditional education ways that are no longer relevant to the current generations of young people born into the new millennium. Finally, the value of this work is to investigate the needs, characteristics, and choice criteria of students and potential students, in order to enrich further the decision standards of HEIs in the orientation of their marketing plans, student recruitment, and educational management, besides that it could be the way like social barriers could break and leverages regional and national development in our country. However, the study could apply to a larger population, and the analysis of the information can generate different trends, even though the marginal error is 5% on the population analyzed.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias Económicas - Maestría en Administración
dc.publisherEscuela de Administración y Contaduría Pública
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleCriterios de decisión relevantes en la elección de los estudiantes colombianos para su vinculación final a una institución de educación superior
dc.typeOtro


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