dc.contributor | Osorio Saraz, Jairo Alexander | |
dc.contributor | Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Forestales | |
dc.creator | Herrera Builes, Jhon Fredy | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-28T15:05:54Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-03-28T15:05:54Z | |
dc.date.created | 2022-03-28T15:05:54Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-03 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81396 | |
dc.identifier | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | |
dc.description.abstract | The wood obtained from fast-growing plantations is an effective substitute for wood from natural forests, thus helping in reducing the pressure on these ecosystems. However, this wood presents problems of low dimensional stability and low physical and mechanical properties which limits its use as structural raw material. This doctoral thesis presents the changes in the properties of modified wood as a result of using polymer impregnation and the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa wood from forest plantation origin. The wood samples were impregnated in hot bath at 95 °C, and then impregnated at room temperature; the effects were evaluated related to the results of density, dimensional stability, bending strength and compression parallel to the grain, the assessment of the wood was carried out under the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290, 663, 784. The effects of heat treatments at 170 °C and 190 °C for 2.5 hours in saturated vapor were evaluated based on their color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending. The evaluations were carried out following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290 and 663, and the color changes resulting from heat treatments were monitored using the CIE-Lab. In addition, changes caused by the thermal modification on the chemical composition and microstructure of wood were evaluated. The evaluation of chemical changes was performed following the Tappi standards and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the wood microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy. With the modification of polymer impregnation, the density increased, the anti-swelling efficiency was 60%; the modulus of rupture in static flexion increased 20%, modulus of elasticity 39% and compression parallel to the grain increased 8%. For the effect of thermal modification treatment there was a low mass loss. The air-dry and basic densities were higher in 170 °C treatment and increased the dimensional stability of the treated wood; after treatment, the general color change (∆E*) increased gradually with the increase in the treatment temperature, resulting in a high color change to a very different color; the bending strength of thermally modified wood was improved and significantly increased to values higher than those of unmodified wood. In the evaluation of chemical changes, the results showed a decrease in holocellulose content and the lignin content and extractives increased. C-O groups were degraded and -CH3 groups (lignin) were increased during thermal modification. Thickness of the tracheid walls decreased in earlywood and in latewood; lumen diameters increased in earlywood and in latewood. Impregnation with polymers evidenced wood with greater dimensional stability and better physical and mechanical properties. The high densities, improved dimensional stability and resistance to bending, and attractive appearance of the treated wood indicate that the modifications applied are a promising alternative for the transformation of Pinus oocarpa wood into a raw material with a high added value. | |
dc.description.abstract | La madera que se obtiene de bosques plantados de rápido crecimiento son una de las alternativas para sustituir la madera proveniente de bosque natural, disminuyendo de esta forma la presión que se tiene sobre estos ecosistemas. Sin embargo, la madera de rápido crecimiento presenta problemas de poca estabilidad dimensional y bajas propiedades físicas y mecánicas lo cual limita su uso como materia prima estructural. En la presente tesis doctoral se desarrolla la evaluación de los efectos causados de las modificaciones por medio de impregnación de polimeros y por tratamiento térmicos sobre las propiedades de la madera Pinus oocarpa de origen de plantación forestal. Se desarrolló la impregnación de polimeros en baño caliente a 95 ° C, y luego impregnados a temperatura ambiente, se evaluaron los cambios sobre la densidad, estabilidad dimensional, flexión estática y compresión paralela al grano, las evaluaciones se llevaron a cabo bajo las Normas Técnicas Colombianas NTC 290, 663, 784; los efectos de los tratamientos térmicos a 170 y 190 ° C durante 2.5 h en vapor saturado se evaluaron con base en el color, la estabilidad dimensional, las densidades básica y seca al aire, el módulo de elasticidad (MOE) y el módulo de ruptura (MOR) en flexión estática. Las evaluaciones se realizaron siguiendo las Normas Técnicas Colombianas NTC 290 y 663, y los cambios de color resultantes de los tratamientos térmicos se monitorearon mediante el CIE-Lab. Además, se evaluaron los cambios provocados por la modificación térmica en la composición química y microestructura de la madera. La evaluación de los cambios químicos se realizó siguiendo los estándares de Tappi y Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), y la microestructura de la madera se caracterizó por microscopía óptica. Con la modificación de impregnación de polimeros la densidad aumentó, la eficacia anti-hinchamiento fue del 60%; el módulo de ruptura en flexión estática aumentó un 20%, el módulo de elasticidad un 39% y la compresión paralela a la fibra aumentó un 8%. Para la modificación de tratamiento térmico hubo una baja pérdida de masa. Las densidades básica y seca al aire fueron mayores en el tratamiento a 170 ° C, y aumentaron la estabilidad dimensional de la madera tratada; después del tratamiento el cambio de color general (∆E *) aumentó gradualmente con el aumento de la temperatura de tratamiento, lo que resultó en un cambio de color alto a un color muy diferente; la resistencia a la flexión de la madera modificada térmicamente se mejoró y aumentó significativamente a valores superiores a los de la madera sin modificar. Se presento una disminución del contenido de holocelulosa y los contenidos de lignina y los extractos aumentaron; Los grupos C-O se degradaron y los grupos -CH3 (lignina) aumentaron durante la modificación térmica. El espesor de las paredes de las traqueidas disminuyó tanto en la madera temprana y tardía; los diámetros de los lumenes aumentaron en la madera temprana y tardía. La impregnación con polímeros evidenció madera con mayor estabilidad dimensional y mejores propiedades físicas y mecánicas. Las altas densidades, la estabilidad dimensional mejorada y el aumento de la resistencia de la madera, y el atractivo aspecto de la madera tratada indican que las modificaciones aplicadas son una alternativa prometedora para la transformación de la madera de Pinus oocarpa en una materia prima de alto valor agregado. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Medellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias | |
dc.publisher | Departamento de Ciencias Forestales | |
dc.publisher | Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias | |
dc.publisher | Medellín, Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín | |
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dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.title | Characterization of the wood Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.var.ochoterenai as structural raw material | |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Doctorado | |