Evaluación de la sostenibilidad orientada a experimentos agrícolas asociados al suelo

dc.contributorHenao Toro, Martha Cecilia
dc.creatorMonsalve Camacho, Oscar Iván
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-14T20:48:09Z
dc.date.available2021-04-14T20:48:09Z
dc.date.created2021-04-14T20:48:09Z
dc.date.issued2021-02
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79401
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.description.abstractA escala finca, región, país o planeta, existe un considerable número de instrumentos que evalúan cualitativa o cuantitativamente el nivel de sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción agrícola. Las opciones se reducen si la evaluación se quiere realizar a nivel ultra detallado, donde el sistema productivo está a escala de parcela o unidad experimental; es decir, en investigación agrícola aplicada. En este contexto, es común que los mejores tratamientos sean identificados a través de las diferencias significativas que resulten del análisis estadístico de variables como rendimiento, pero no se definen desde la sostenibilidad del sistema de producción agrícola, conectando al ambiente, la sociedad y la economía como un todo. Por otra parte, muchos de los estudios de sostenibilidad agrícola se realizan sin tener en cuenta las características del suelo. Esto contrasta con el efecto directo y determinante que este recurso tiene sobre la agricultura. Además de la restricción de detalle geográfico y la escasa importancia que se le da al suelo, las actuales herramientas no abordan cuantitativamente la sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Teniendo en cuenta estas tres limitaciones, se diseñó, construyó y evaluó MSEAS (Metodología de Evaluación de la Sostenibilidad Orientada a Experimentos Agrícolas Asociados al Suelo), una herramienta de análisis de la sostenibilidad agrícola basada en indicadores, que reúne las tres dimensiones de la sostenibilidad: ambiental, social y económica, y a través de un índice cuantitativo mide el nivel actual o futuro de la sostenibilidad de los tratamientos evaluados en experimentos sobre manejo del suelo. MSEAS se construyó con cuatro características importantes: 1) adaptable a experimentos asociados a actividades de manejo del suelo con diversas características espaciales, temporales y de medición. 2) modulable: dependiendo de la cantidad y calidad de los datos, se tiene la opción de evaluar solo la sostenibilidad actual o la sostenibilidad actual y futura. 3) cuantificable: el nivel de sostenibilidad de los tratamientos se determina a través de un índice cuantitativo. 4) inferencial: es posible estimar un importante número de indicadores mediante herramientas de modelación y simulación, como LCA (Life Cicle Assessment) y DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer). Antes de construir MSEAS, se plantearon cuatro documentos de línea base: 1) Revisión sobre indicadores de sostenibilidad agrícola asociados a propiedades, procesos y manejo del suelo 2) Evaluación de indicadores de calidad del suelo con posibilidad de uso a escala de parcela o unidad experimental 3) Esfuerzo de labor. Indicador para estimar la magnitud del esfuerzo físico en las labores agrícolas 4) Marco de selección del conjunto mínimo de indicadores para evaluaciones de sostenibilidad agrícola a escala de parcela. Estos trabajos sirvieron de línea base y sustento técnico para la puesta a punto de MSEAS, la cual se desarrolló a través de tres procesos: diseño, construcción y evaluación con datos simulados, uso en condiciones actuales y uso en escenarios futuros. Se utilizaron datos de experimentos reales (estudios de caso) para evaluar la metodología. La principal conclusión que se desprende de esta evaluación es que es viable el uso de MSEAS con experimentos agrícolas orientados al suelo, ya que se evidenció su capacidad para identificar los tratamientos ambiental, social y económicamente más sostenibles en los experimentos evaluados. (Texto tomado de la fuente).
dc.description.abstractAt the farm, region, country, or global scale, there are many instruments that qualitatively or quantitatively assess the level agricultural production systems sustainability. The options are reduced if the evaluation is to be carried out at the ultra-detailed level, where the production system is at the plot or experimental unit scale, i.e., in applied agricultural research. In this context, it is common for the best treatments to be identified through the significant differences resulting from the statistical analysis of variables such as yield. However, they are not defined from the sustainability of the agricultural production system, connecting the environment, society, and the economy. On the other hand, many agricultural sustainability studies are conducted without considering soil characteristics. This contrasts with the direct and determining effect that this resource has on agriculture. In addition to the restriction of geographic detail and the low importance given to soil, current tools do not quantitatively address long-term sustainability. With these three limitations in mind, MSEAS (Methodology for Sustainability Evaluation oriented to Soil Associated Agricultural Experiments), an indicator-based agricultural sustainability analysis tool, was designed, constructed, and evaluated. It brings together the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, and economical, and through a quantitative index measures the current or future level of sustainability of the treatments evaluated in soil management experiments. MSEAS was constructed with four essential characteristics: 1) Adaptable to experiments associated with soil management activities with diverse spatial, temporal, and measurement characteristics. 2) Modular, since depending on the quantity and quality of the data, there is the option of evaluating only current sustainability or current and future sustainability. 3) Quantifiable: the level of sustainability of treatments is determined through a quantitative index. 4) Inferential, since it is possible to estimate many indicators using modeling and simulation tools, such as LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer). Before building MSEAS, four baseline documents were proposed: 1) Review of agricultural sustainability indicators associated with soil properties, processes, and management 2) Evaluation of soil quality indicators with the possibility of use at plot or experimental unit scale 3) Labour effort. Indicator to estimate the magnitude of physical effort in agricultural work. 4) Framework for the selection of the minimum set of indicators for agricultural sustainability evaluations at the plot scale. These works served as a baseline and technical support for the development of MSEAS, which was developed through three processes: design, construction and evaluation with simulated data, use in current conditions, and future scenarios. Data from real experiments (case studies) were used to evaluate the methodology. The main conclusion drawn from this evaluation is that the use of MSEAS with soil-oriented agricultural experiments is feasible. Its ability to identify the most environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable treatments in the evaluated experiments was evidenced.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisherEscuela de posgrados
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisherBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleEvaluación de la sostenibilidad orientada a experimentos agrícolas asociados al suelo
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado


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