Mechanical behavior of a composite material using a polyester matrix reinforced with Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers

dc.contributorLizarazo Marriaga, Juan Manuel
dc.contributorMariño Camargo, Alvaro
dc.contributorAnálisis, diseño y materiales - GIES
dc.creatorLuna Tamayo, Patricia
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-05T06:31:09Z
dc.date.available2020-08-05T06:31:09Z
dc.date.created2020-08-05T06:31:09Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-03
dc.identifierLuna Tamayo, P. (2020). Mechanical behavior of a composite material using a polyester matrix reinforced with Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers (tesis de Doctorado). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77927
dc.description.abstractLas fibras naturales se han convertido en un recurso valioso para la industria de los materiales compuestos. Su uso como refuerzo de matrices poliméricas le proporciona múltiples beneficios al material compuesto, siendo destacable la resistencia mecánica por unidad de peso y el bajo costo de producción por unidad de volumen. El comportamiento mecánico de los materiales compuesto está fuertemente influenciado por las propiedades de los materiales constituyentes y de la uni ́on entre matriz y fibras. Debido a la naturaleza hidrófila de las fibras naturales y al comportamiento hidrófobo de los polímeros comúnmente empleados, existe una incompatibilidad físico-química entre las fases del material compuesto. Esta incompatibilidad trae como consecuencia una deficiente transferencia de esfuerzos desde la matriz hacia las fibras, y por lo tanto, un inadecuado desempeño mecánico del material compuesto. As ́ı, es necesario tratar las fibras o las matrices poliméricas para mejorar las propiedades finales del material compuesto. Tradicionalmente, en aplicaciones industriales los tratamientos esta ́ direccionados a la modificación de las fibras naturales. El objetivo de esta investigación es usar fibras de bambú Guadua angustifolia (fibras de guadua) como refuerzo de matrices de poliéster. Para aumentar la compatibilidad entre las fases, antes de la fabricación del material compuesto, las fibras de bambú se trataron usando enfoques químicos o físicos. En el enfoque químico, se utilizaron tratamientos alcalinos (con hidróxido de sodio) para reducir las características hidrófilas de las fibras de guadua, lo que induce una mayor compatibilidad química con la matriz de poliéster. En el enfoque físico, se usaron tratamientos plasma (de grabado en seco) para aumentar la rugosidad superficial de las fibras de guadua, aumentando así el agarre mecánico (por fricción) con la matriz. Así, en esta investigación se estudió la influencia de las dos técnicas de compatibilización en las propiedades (físicas, microestructurales, químicas y mecánicas) de las fibras de guadua y del compuesto guadua-poliéster. El programa experimental se enfoco ́ en la extracción y caracterización de fibras de guadua, así como en la caracterización de la matriz de poliéster y del compuesto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los tratamientos alcalinos disminuyen la resistencia a tracción de las fibras de guadua cerca de un 42% para la concentración ma ́s alta. En contraste, los tratamientos con plasma no afectan considerablemente la resistencia a tracción de las fibras. Además, ambas técnicas de compatibilización mejoran la resistencia a tracción y flexión de los compuestos guadua-poliéster, debido al incremento en la adherencia entre las fases del material compuesto. Finalmente, se propone un modelo anal ́ıtico para describir el comportamiento macroscópico del material compuesto ante cargas de tracción, obteniendo diferencias cercanas al ±3% entre los valores medidos y los calculados. Esta tesis demuestra la potencialidad del uso de fibras naturales como refuerzo de materiales compuestos, los cuales pueden ser usados en diversas aplicaciones de ingeniería debido a su adecuado desempeño mecánico.
dc.description.abstractNatural fibers have become a valuable resource in the composite industry. Their use as a reinforcement material for polymeric matrices provides multiple benefits for composites, thus showing a remarkable mechanical strength per unit weight and a low production cost per volume unit. Composites’ mechanical behavior is strongly influenced by properties of individual components and the bonding between matrix and fibers. Due to the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers and the hydrophobic behavior of common polymers, there is a physico-chemical incompatibility between them. This incompatibility leads to a poor stress transfer from matrix to fibers, and as a result, to an inadequate mechanical performance of the composite material. Therefore, it is necessary to treat fibers or matrices, in order to improve composites’ final properties. When it comes to industrial applications, natural fibers are commonly treated in order to overcome those incompatibilities. This research is intended to use Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers (guadua fibers) as a reinforcement for polyester matrices. In order to increase the compatibility be- tween phases, before composite manufacturing, the fibers were treated employing chem- ical and physical approaches. As for the chemical approach, alkali (sodium hydroxide) treatments were used to reduce guadua fibers’ hydrophilic features, thus inducing more chemical compatibility with the polyester matrix. Regarding the physical approach, plasma treatments (dry etching) were used in order to increase guadua fibers’ superficial roughness, leading to an increase in the mechanical bonding (frictionally) with the matrix. This research was focused on the influence of the above compatibilization techniques on the properties (physical, microstructural, chemical and mechanical) of guadua fibers and polyester-guadua composites. The experimental program was focused on the ex- traction and characterization of guadua fibers, as well as on the characterization of polyester matrices and composites. Results showed that alkali treatments decrease guadua fibers’ tensile strength, around 42% for the highest concentration; in contrast, plasma treatments do not affect considerably their tensile properties. Moreover, both compatibilization techniques improve polyester-guadua composites’ tensile and bend- ing strength, due to an increment in the bonding stress between composite phases. Finally, an analytical model is proposed to describe the macroscopical behavior of the composite material under tensile loads, obtaining differences between the measured and calculated strength is ±3%. This thesis demonstrates the potential of using natural fibers as a reinforcement for composite materials, which could be advised for different engineering applications due to their adequate mechanical behavior.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherBogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Civil
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleMechanical behavior of a composite material using a polyester matrix reinforced with Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo


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