Bases metodológicas hacia la poliploidización de Urochloa decumbens

dc.contributorEscobar Pérez, Roosevelt Humberto
dc.contributorCastiblanco Vargas, Valheria
dc.contributorGarcía Dávila, Mario Augusto
dc.creatorCarcamo Medina, Lilian Yaritza
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-14T16:41:22Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-21T16:07:50Z
dc.date.available2022-02-14T16:41:22Z
dc.date.available2022-09-21T16:07:50Z
dc.date.created2022-02-14T16:41:22Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-07
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80975
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/3388980
dc.description.abstractLa duplicación de cromosomas es un fenómeno relevante para ampliar la base de la diversidad genética de las plantas, pues llega a tener efectos importantes tales como el aumento en el tamaño de las células, de los órganos, aumento de la biomasa, ayudando en la transferencia de genes o en el incremento de heterocigosidad. El programa de forrajes tropicales del CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, hoy Alianza Bioversity-CIAT) pretende optimizar el esquema de mejoramiento genético actual y para ello necesita obtener un genotipo tetraploide sexual de Urochloa decumbens. Por este motivo, en el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo explorar las bases metodológicas para iniciar un proceso de poliploidización de la especie mediante el uso de la colchicina. Se ajustó e implementó una metodología in vitro para la propagación de material vegetal y se inició el esquema de regeneración mediado por la de embriogénesis somática como una posible vía para la duplicación de cromosomas. Se realizaron dos ensayos de poliploidización, el primero bajo condiciones in vivo utilizando plántulas germinadas de cuatro días de edad como explante y en una segunda prueba bajo condiciones in vitro utilizando segmentos basales. Se utilizaron dos concentraciones de colchicina: 0,05 y 0,1% durante 2, 8, 12 y 24 h tanto en in vivo como in vitro. En la adecuación del material vegetal, para la fase in vitro la escarificación manual presenta mejores porcentajes de germinación en las 3 accesiones utilizadas y fue posible implementar la propagación en condiciones de medio sólido. Tanto la aclimatación de las plantas en invernadero, como la regeneración de plantas vía embriogénesis somática fue exitosa. En los ensayos de poliploidización, las plantas tratadas con colchicina se establecieron en invernadero y se determinó tasa de supervivencia, tamaño de estomas y densidad estomática. A nivel de tasa de supervivencia de explantes tratados con colchicina en alta dosis y tiempos largos hubo mayor mortalidad, a nivel de estomas (morfología, ancho, largo y densidad estomática) no se observaron cambios significativos que se puedan correlacionar con el nivel de ploidía en el ensayo in vivo, sin embargo, sería prudente dar una espera hasta obtener plantas maduras para analizar de nuevo estos parámetros. Se va a continuar con la verificación de ploidía mediante citometría de flujo y conteo de cromosomas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractChromosome duplication is considered a broad and relevant phenomenon to expand the genetic diversity of plants, which allows having significant effects such as an increase in the size of cells, organs, biomass, gene transfer, or the increasing heterozygosity. Therefore, the tropical forages program of CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture, now the Bioversity-CIAT Alliance) seeks to optimize the current breeding scheme to obtain a sexual tetraploid genotype of Urochloa decumbens to have more genetic diversity. Based on this, the present study explores the methodological bases to initiate a polyploidization process of this species using colchicine. This research started from developing an in vitro methodology for the propagation of plant material and somatic embryogenesis as a possible route of chromosome duplication. Two polyploidization assays were performed, the first under in vivo conditions using germinated four-day-old seedlings as explants and the second under in vitro conditions using basal segments. Two concentrations of colchicine were used: 0.05 and 0.1% for 2, 8, 12, and 24 h for both tests. The manual scarification presented better germination percentages in the three accessions using the in vitro methodology. Moreover, It helped to propagate the plants in a solid medium. The acclimatization of the plants in the greenhouse and the regeneration using somatic embryogenesis were effective. In the polyploidization tests, the plants treated with colchicine were established in the greenhouse, and the survival rate, stomata size, and stomatal density variables were determined. There was higher mortality at the higher concentrations and longer exposure times when assessing the survival rate. No significant changes related to the ploidy level were found at the stomatal level for the in vivo test. However, to corroborate the results, it is suggested to continue with the ploidy analysis using flow cytometry and chromosome counting.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherPalmira - Ciencias Agropecuarias - Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias
dc.publisherPalmira, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleBases metodológicas hacia la poliploidización de Urochloa decumbens
dc.typeTesis


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