Potencial fitopatogénico de hongos asociados a arvenses en cultivos del Altiplano Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia

dc.contributorCastañeda Sánchez, Darío Antonio
dc.contributorMorales Osorio, Juan Gonzalo
dc.contributorPatiño Hoyos, Luis Fernando
dc.contributorFITOTECNIA TROPICAL
dc.creatorMira Taborda, Yerly Dayana
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-01T16:37:53Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-21T15:36:51Z
dc.date.available2021-03-01T16:37:53Z
dc.date.available2022-09-21T15:36:51Z
dc.date.created2021-03-01T16:37:53Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-03
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79327
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/3382773
dc.description.abstractThe first step in developing weed biological control programs is to determine the plants and natural enemies with the highest affinity and potential to achieve effective biocontrol. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenic potential of fungi on four weeds of economic importance associated with crops from the East of Antioquia, Colombia. For the choice of plants, a field sampling was carried out on 35 farms, distributed in 10 crops, determining the ecological, phytosanitary status and perception of damage; which was integrated to score and classify them according to their aptitude for biological control studies. The plants chosen were: Rumex crispus, Digitaria horizontalis, Persicaria nepalensis and Thunbergia alata. The fungi were isolated in PDA medium from symptomatic foliar tissues obtained from the field and subjected to detached leaf pathogenicity tests on their respective hosts, using two inoculation methods (discs and suspension), and their respective controls, determining the incubation period, incidence, and AUDPC. The most virulent isolation of each weed was evaluated on young plants, by spraying the inoculum at 1 x 106 spores-mycelium/mL in a bioclimatic cabin. The fungi that showed pathogenicity were identified by morphological descriptions and phylogenetic studies, based on DNA amplification and sequencing of the ITS, β-Tub2 and TEF1-α region. The following pathogenicities were confirmed: Colletotrichum cigarro, Epicoccum draconis and Didymella rumicicola on R. crispus; Bipolaris sp., on D. horizontalis; Bipolaris zeicola, Phialemoniopsis curvata and Stemphylium beticola on P. nepalensis; Alternaria thunbergiae and Nigrospora sphaerica on T. alata. As far as we know, these are the first worldwide reports of such interactions, except for A. thunbergiae and Bipolaris sp. According to AUDPC, the most virulent interactions corresponded with: (R. crispus × D. rumicicola), (D. horizontalis × Bipolaris sp.), (P. nepalensis × S. beticola) and (T. alata × A. thunbergiae). These strains are proposed as potential biocontrol agents.
dc.description.abstractEl primer paso para el desarrollo de programas de control biológico de arvenses consiste en determinar las plantas y enemigos naturales con más afinidad y potencial para alcanzar un biocontrol efectivo. Se evaluó el potencial patogénico de hongos sobre cuatro arvenses de importancia económica asociadas a cultivos del Altiplano del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia. Para la elección de las plantas se realizó un muestreo en campo sobre 35 predios agrícolas, distribuidos en 10 cultivos, determinando el estado ecológico, fitosanitario y percepción de daño de estas; lo cual se integró para asignar una puntuación numérica y clasificarlas según su aptitud para estudios de control biológico. Las plantas elegidas fueron: Rumex crispus, Digitaria horizontalis, Persicaria nepalensis y Thunbergia alata. Los hongos se aislaron en medio PDA a partir de tejidos foliares sintomáticos obtenidos de campo y se sometieron a pruebas de patogenicidad en hoja desprendida sobre sus respectivas hospederas, mediante dos métodos de inoculación (discos y suspensión), y sus respectivos controles, determinando el periodo de incubación, la incidencia y el ABCPE. El aislamiento más virulento de cada arvense, se evaluó sobre plántulas, mediante una aspersión de inóculo a 1 x 106 esporas-micelio/mL en cámara bioclimática. Los hongos que mostraron patogenicidad se identificaron mediante descripciones morfológicas y estudios filogenéticos, a partir de la amplificación del DNA y secuenciación de la región ITS, β-Tub2 y TEF1-α. Se confirmó la patogenicidad de Colletotrichum cigarro, Epicoccum draconis y Didymella rumicicola sobre R. crispus; Bipolaris sp., sobre D. horizontalis; Bipolaris zeicola, Phialemoniopsis curvata y Stemphylium beticola sobre P. nepalensis; Alternaria thunbergiae y Nigrospora sphaerica sobre T. alata. Estos son los primeros reportes mundiales de tales interacciones, a excepción de A. thunbergiae y Bipolaris sp. De acuerdo con el ABCPE, las interacciones más virulentas correspondieron con: (R. crispus × D. rumicicola), (D. horizontalis × Bipolaris sp.), (P. nepalensis × S. beticola) y (T. alata × A. thunbergiae). Estas cepas se proponen como potenciales agentes de biocontrol.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisherDepartamento de Agronómicas
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titlePotencial fitopatogénico de hongos asociados a arvenses en cultivos del Altiplano Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia
dc.typeOtros


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