dc.contributorNiño Vásquez, Luis Fernando
dc.contributorLABORATORIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN SISTEMAS INTELIGENTES - LISI
dc.creatorMoreno Calderón, Jairo Alexander
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-06T22:59:21Z
dc.date.available2021-08-06T22:59:21Z
dc.date.created2021-08-06T22:59:21Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79897
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.description.abstractDesde una perspectiva de salud pública, el enfoque multicriterio en las evaluaciones de tecnologías en salud (ETES) ha permitido incorporar atributos adicionales a la efectividad y al costo para establecer el beneficio para el sistema, a la hora de adquirir una nueva tecnología en salud. Sin embargo, no hay consenso acerca de una metodología multicriterio que apoye esta toma de decisiones en los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: desarrollar un modelo de ETES, basado en métodos de análisis de decisión multicriterio (MCDA), para la priorización de tecnologías desde una perspectiva gubernamental. Métodos: primero, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de criterios de decisión, que permitió la identificación, clasificación y evaluación de su importancia; segundo, fueron definidos los componentes que enmarcan el modelo propuesto; tercero, se implementó la propuesta en un prototipo computacional; finalmente, fue replicado un ejercicio de priorización de tecnologías desarrollado por el Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Resultados: Los criterios de decisión con mayor importancia en los estudios hallados fueron: la efectividad comparativa, la severidad de la enfermedad y el tamaño de la población afectada. El modelo propuesto permite la selección entre cuatro métodos MCDA, hace posible la cuantificación del impacto de la incertidumbre y la asignación de un presupuesto por medio de un algoritmo de optimización; fue implementado por medio de una aplicación web alojada en el dominio https://www.mcda-lab.com/. En cuanto al caso de estudio, la teoría multi atributo de valor fue el método con mejor rendimiento y los resultados se correlacionaron con el proceso de priorización previo. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden orientar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en salud en la adopción de una metodología estructurada, transparente y adaptable para la evaluación de tecnologías de salud.
dc.description.abstractFrom a public health perspective, the multicriteria approach in health technology assessment (HTA) has made it possible to incorporate additional attributes to effectiveness and cost in order to determine the benefit for the system when choosing a new health technology. However, there is no consensus on a multicriteria methodology to support this decision making in health systems. Objective: to develop an HTA model, based on multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods, for health technology prioritization from a governmental perspective. Methods: First, a systematic review of decision criteria in health prioritization processes was conducted to identify, classify and evaluate their importance; second, the elements that constitute the proposed model were defined; third, the proposal was implemented in a computational prototype; and finally, a technology prioritization process developed by the Colombian Ministry of Health was replicated. Results: The most relevant decision criteria in the studies identified were: comparative effectiveness, severity of the disease and prevalence. The proposed model allows the selection between four MCDA methods, makes it possible to quantify the impact of uncertainty and to allocate a budget by means of an optimization algorithm; it was implemented as a web application hosted in the https://www.mcda-lab.com/ domain. As for the case study, Multi Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) was the best performing method and the results correlated with the prior prioritization process. Conclusions: The findings of this study can guide health decision-makers in adopting a structured, transparent and adaptable methodology for health technology assessment.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Sistemas y Computación
dc.publisherDepartamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Industrial
dc.publisherFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisherBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados al autor, 2021
dc.titleModelo para la evaluación multicriterio de tecnologías en salud
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado


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