dc.contributor | González Duque, Carlos Mario | |
dc.contributor | Aristizábal Zuluaga, Beatriz Helena | |
dc.contributor | Grupo de Trabajo Académico en Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental | |
dc.creator | Cifuentes Castaño, Felipe | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-04T18:09:22Z | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-09-21T14:34:05Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-03-04T18:09:22Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-09-21T14:34:05Z | |
dc.date.created | 2022-03-04T18:09:22Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81132 | |
dc.identifier | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/3368907 | |
dc.description.abstract | The ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model couple with chemistry (WRF-Chem) to accurately represent the atmospheric processes depends on the accuracy of the input information and the adequate model configuration for the intended application. In this study, WRF-Chem was used to test the sensitivity of CO and O3 predictions to (I) lateral chemical boundary conditions (LCBC), (II) domain configurations, (III) nesting techniques, (IV) chemical mechanisms, (V) local anthropogenic emission inventories and (VI) biogenic emission inventories. For that purpose, a total of eight simulations were conducted over the city of Manizales, characterized by its complex topography. The model outputs were intercompared with each other and against ground measurements, in order to identify the effect of the proposed options in the prediction of CO and O3, and ultimately define an optimal model configuration that could reduce the prediction errors.
The results show that CO predictions were not sensitive to LCBC, domain configurations, or chemical mechanisms, but exhibited a strong dependency on the anthropogenic emission inventory and the nesting technique. This is caused because CO is a primary pollutant, and its variations are mainly associated with the local emission patterns, whereas the impact of CO transport from other areas, and the production/consumption of this pollutant in the atmosphere are neglectable for the city of Manizales. Indeed, the main contribution towards improving CO accuracy was the implementation of the anthropogenic emission inventory with IVE emission factors, instead of COPERT, due to a more representative activity factors approach of IVE for the particular conditions in Manizales, characterized by road slopes that exceed inclinations of 22%. On the other hand, using a two-way nesting approach provided the worst performance for CO predictions, due to inaccurate predictions of nighttime CO concentrations.
O3 predictions exhibited a strong sensitivity to LCBC. The use of CAM-Chem LCBC reduced considerably the overestimation (MB: 3.1 vs 11.5 ppbv) of O3 predictions with the default static LCBC (NALROM). Likewise, the use of a 3-nested domain with a 1:5 nesting ratio enhanced O3 predictions and reduced the computational time needed to run the simulations compared to using 4-nested domains with a 1:3 nesting ratio. Similar to CO, the prediction of O3 were disbenefit by using a two-way nesting approach, in this case, due to higher overestimations during the daytime compared to using a one-way nesting approach. The CBMZ chemical mechanism enhanced the representation of O3 dynamics due to more efficient O3–NOX titration reactions, in comparison with the RADM2 mechanism. O3 predictions were also sensitive to the anthropogenic emission inventory, with the IVE emission factors leading to the most accurate results. Finally, despite the significant difference in biogenic emission fluxes with the biogenic emission models implemented (MEGAN and BIGA), O3 predictions were almost identical with both options.
In summary, the best model performance was obtained by using CAM-Chem LCBC, 3-nested domains with a 1:5 nesting ratio, a one-way nesting approach, the CBMZ chemical mechanism, the anthropogenic emission inventory with IVE emission factors, and BIGA biogenic model. These results can guide WRF-Chem setup for future air quality simulations in the city of Manizales, and other cities with similar topographic conditions. | |
dc.description.abstract | La habilidad del modelo Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) pare representar de forma precisa los procesos atmosféricos está ligada a la precisión de la información de entrada al igual que a la configuración del modelo en sí mismo. En este estudio, se utilizó el modelo WRF-Chem para estudiar la sensibilidad de las predicciones de O3 y CO a (I) condiciones de borde laterales químicas (LCBC), (II) configuración de dominios, (III) opciones de anidamiento, (IV) mecanismos químicos, (V) inventarios de emisiones antropogénicos locales e (VI) inventarios de emisiones biogénicas. Por lo tanto, se realizaron un total de ocho simulaciones para la ciudad de Manizales, la cual se caracteriza por su topografía compleja. Los datos modelados fueron comparados entre sí y contra medidas en superficie, con el objetivo de verificar el impacto que tienen los cambios propuestos en la predicción del CO y O3, y en última medida, definir la configuración óptima, que permita reducir los errores de predicción del modelo.
Los resultados muestran que el CO no fue sensible a LCBC, configuración de dominios ni mecanismos químicos, pero presentó una fuerte dependencia a los inventarios de emisiones antropogénicos y a la técnica de anidamiento empleada. Esto se debe a que el CO es un contaminante primario, y sus variaciones están asociadas a los patrones de emisiones locales, mientras que el transporte de CO de otras regiones, y el consumo/producción de este en la atmósfera no son representativos para la ciudad de Manizales. De hecho, el mejor desempeño en la predicción de CO fue obtenido al usar el inventario de emisión antropogénico con factores de emisión de la metodología IVE en lugar de COPERT, debido a que esta aproximación tiene factores de actividad más representativos para Manizales, ciudad que se caracteriza por tener carreteras con pendientes pronunciadas que exceden el 22% de inclinación. Por el contrario, el peor desempeño para predecir CO fue obtenido al utilizar una técnica de anidamiento two-way, la cual causa imprecisiones en la predicción de los perfiles nocturnos de CO.
Las predicciones de O3 exhibieron una fuerte sensibilidad a las LCBC. Usar CAM-Chem para suplir las LCBC redujo considerablemente la sobreestimación (MB: 3.1 vs 11.5) de O3 en comparación con el LCBC estático que posee WRF-Chem por defecto (NALROM). Asi mismo, la aplicación de tres dominios anidados con una relación de anidamiento de 1:5 mejoro las predicciones de O3, al igual que redujo el tiempo computacional requerido para las simulaciones, en comparación con usar 4 dominios anidados con una relación de anidamiento de 1:3. Como paso con el CO, las predicciones de O3 se vieron afectadas al utilizar una técnica de anidamiento two-way, debido a que se incrementó la sobreestimación durante el periodo diurno. El mecanismo químico CBMZ represento de forma más precisa las dinámicas de la concentración de O3, debido a que este mecanismo estima reacciones de titulación O3-NOX más eficientes, en comparación con el mecanismo RADM2. Las predicciones de O3 también fueron sensibles a los inventarios de emisión antropogénicos, siendo el inventario desarrollado con factores de emisión IVE el que ofreció los resultados más precisos. Finalmente, a pesar de que hay una diferencia significativa en el flujo de emisiones biogénicas con los dos modelos empleados (MEGAN y BIGA), las predicciones de O3 fueron casi idénticas al emplear ambos modelos.
En conclusión, la configuración del modelo que maximizo el desempeño incluye LCBC derivadas de CAM-Chem, tres dominios anidados con una relación de anidamiento de 1:5, una técnica de anidamiento one-way, el mecanismo químico CBMZ, la utilización de un inventario de emisiones con factores de emisión IVE, y el modelo biogénico BIGA. Estos resultados pueden guiar la configuración de WRF-Chem para ejercicios futuros de simulación atmosférica en la ciudad de Manizales, o en otras regiones con características topográficas similares. | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Manizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química | |
dc.publisher | Departamento de Ingeniería Química | |
dc.publisher | Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura | |
dc.publisher | Manizales, Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales | |
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dc.rights | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.title | Impact of chemical mechanisms and local emission inventories in the simulation of O3 and CO concentrations using WRF-Chem. | |
dc.type | Tesis | |