dc.contributor | Orjuela Londoño, Álvaro | |
dc.contributor | Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos | |
dc.creator | Rodríguez Flórez, Juan Sebastián | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-11-10T17:38:47Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-11-10T17:38:47Z | |
dc.date.created | 2020-11-10T17:38:47Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-08-03 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78607 | |
dc.description.abstract | El crecimiento de la población a nivel mundial conlleva varios retos, especialmente los correspondientes a la correcta gestión de residuos, y principalmente en áreas de gran concentración poblacional. Sin las adecuadas prácticas de disposición, los residuos pueden causar un gran número de problemas a nivel ambiental, económico y social. Entre los residuos más problemáticos en términos de manejo y disposición, el Aceite de Cocina Usado (ACU) es un residuo alimenticio que se produce en grandes volúmenes. El manejo inapropiado del ACU genera una gran variedad de inconvenientes tales como daños a la infraestructura, inundaciones, proliferación de pestes, polución en los ecosistemas e incluso problemas de salud pública por recolección y redistribución ilegal del residuo. Particularmente en Bogotá, la ciudad capital de Colombia, con aproximadamente 10 millones de habitantes en su área metropolitana, los ACU representan una gran problemática. En este aspecto, este trabajo se enfoca en el estudio, caracterización y optimización de la cadena de recolección del ACU en la ciudad de Bogotá para su posterior empleo como materia prima oleoquímica.
Primero, se realizó la caracterización de la cadena logística del ACU en la ciudad de Bogotá. Esta tarea involucró la ubicación y naturaleza de los generadores, volúmenes disponibles, características del ACU, caracterización de las prácticas de recolección y rutas, y el inventario de consumo de recursos durante el proceso de recolección. Luego, se construyó e implementó un modelo computacional del esquema de recolección en software libre (Python). Para esto se utilizó una aproximación de problema de enrutamiento de vehículos empleando caminos hamiltonianos ponderados. Los pesos fueron definidos de acuerdo con indicadores económicos y ambientales calculados como costos en dinero y emisiones de CO2 equivalente, respectivamente. Empleando un algoritmo genético se logró identificar el conjunto de rutas de recolección que minimizan los costos y las emisiones de CO2, y la localización de un punto de acopio que minimizaría los costos de la cadena de recolección. Finalmente, se hizo una identificación preliminar de los derivados oleoquímicos con potencial para ser obtenidos a partir de los ACUs recolectados. | |
dc.description.abstract | Global population growth involves a variety of challenges, especially those related to the correct management of waste, mainly in highly populated areas. Without the correct disposal practices, waste can cause a large number of environmental, economic and social problems. Among the most problematic wastes in terms of handling and disposal, Used Cooking Oil (ACU) standouts as a food waste that is produced in large volumes. The inadequate management of the ACU generates a wide variety of problems such as damage to infrastructure, floods, pest proliferation, pollution of ecosystems and even public health problems due to the illegal collection and redistribution of ACU as new edible oil. Particularly in Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, with approximately 10 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, the ACU represent a major problem. In this aspect, this work focuses on the study, characterization and optimization of the ACU collection chain in the city of Bogotá for its subsequent use as oleochemical raw material.
First, the characterization of the ACU logistics chain in the city of Bogotá was carried out. This task involved the location and identification of ACUs generators, available volumes, characteristics of the ACU, characterization of collection practices and routes, and the inventory of resource consumption during the collection process. Then, a computational model of the supply chain was constructed in an open-source software (Python). For this, a vehicle routing problem approximation was used using weighted Hamiltonian roads. Weights were defined according to economic and environmental indicators calculated as costs and equivalent CO2 emissions, respectively. By the use of a genetic algorithm, it was possible to identify the set of collection routes that minimize costs and CO2 emissions, and the location of a collection point that would minimize the costs of the collection chain. Finally, a preliminary identification of the oleochemical derivatives with potential to be obtained from the collected ACUs was made. | |
dc.language | spa | |
dc.publisher | Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
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dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights | Acceso abierto | |
dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.title | Estudio de factibilidad para el aprovechamiento de ACUs en la ciudad de Bogotá | |
dc.type | Otro | |