dc.contributorMontañes, Patricia
dc.contributorDe Brigard, Felipe
dc.creatorAyala Nariño, Oscar Daniel
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-03T20:41:11Z
dc.date.available2020-03-03T20:41:11Z
dc.date.created2020-03-03T20:41:11Z
dc.date.issued2020-02-27
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75811
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Cognitive impairment is common in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and can affect episodic memory (remembering events that occur at a particular time or place) and episodic future thinking (imagine personal events that could happen in the future). Although the microstructural properties are a predictor of physical disability and cognitive impairment, its relationship with episodic memory, future episodic thinking and episodic counterfactual thinking is not known, and neither is known if patients with RRMS have an impairment to performing episodic counterfactual thinking. Method: This dissertation includes two experiments carried out with the same sample. The first experiment compared the performance of a group of patients with RRMS (n = 22), with that of a group of matched controls (n = 22) in the Levine's autobiographical interview and the phenomenological characteristics questionnaire in the conditions episodic memory, episodic future thinking and episodic counterfactual thinking. The second experiment sought to identify the microstructural characteristics (radial diffusivity, fractional anisotropy and streamline count) of which tracts and which neuropsychological tests predicted performance by remembering and imagining. Results: experiment 1: Across all conditions the patients generate less internal details and lower ratings of composition in the counterfactual condition and less clarity on the emotion they would have experienced if an event would happen in the future. Experiment 2: In the control group the left cingulum bundle predicted performance in the future condition, while the radial diffusivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the performance in a processing speed, test predicted performance when imagining events. In the patient group the streamline count of the superior longitudinal fasciculus and performance in a working memory test predicted performance on counterfactual thinking. Other predictors were not significant. Discussion: Patients had difficulty remembering and imagining regardless of the temporal context of the imaginary events. The microstructural properties of the canonical tract groups and the tests of executive functions were a significant predictor of performance when imagining events in the controls. In the case of patients, working memory impairment mediated by the superior longitudinal fasciculus predicted performance in episodic counterfactual thinking. An implication of these findings is that rehabilitation programs aimed at counterfactual thinking can combine strategies oriented to enhance the retrieval of episodic memory and to enhance working memory.
dc.description.abstractIntroducción. El deterioro cognitivo es frecuente en la esclerosis múltiple remisión recaída (EMRR) y puede afectar la memoria episódica (recordar eventos que ocurren en un momento o lugar particular) y el pensamiento episódico futuro (imaginar eventos personales que podrían suceder en el futuro). Aunque las propiedades microestructurales son un predictor de la discapacidad física y el deterioro cognitivo no se conoce cuál es su relación con la memoria episódica, el pensamiento episódico futuro y el pensamiento contrafáctico episódico y tampoco si los pacientes con EMRR presentan dificultades para realizar contrafácticos. Método: Este documento se compone de dos experimentos realizados con una misma muestra. El primero comparó el desempeño de un grupo de pacientes con EMRR ( n = 22), con el de un grupo de controles pareados (n = 22) en la entrevista autobiográfica de Levine y el cuestionario de características fenomenológicas en las condiciones memoria episódica, pensamiento episódico futuro y pensamiento contrafáctico episódico. El segundo buscó identificar las características microestructurales (difusividad radial, fracción de anisotropía y número de líneas de corriente) de qué tractos y que pruebas neuropsicológicas predecían el desempeño al recordar e imaginar. Resultados: Experimento 1: Los pacientes tuvieron un desempeño inferior a los controles en todas las condiciones evaluadas y reportaron menor composición en la condición contrafáctico y menor claridad sobre la emoción que experimentarían si ocurriera un evento en el futuro. Experimento 2: El haz del cíngulo izquierdo predijo el desempeño en la condición futuro, mientras que la difusividad radial del fascículo longitudinal superior derecho y del fascículo longitudinal inferior derecho y el desempeño en una prueba de velocidad de procesamiento predijeron el desempeño al imaginar eventos. En los pacientes, el número de líneas de corriente del fascículo longitudinal superior izquierdo y el desempeño en una prueba de memoria de trabajo predijo el desempeño al realizar contrafácticos. Otros predictores no fueron significativos. Discusión: Los pacientes presentaron dificultades para recordar e imaginar con independencia del contexto temporal e de los eventos imaginarios, las propiedades microestructurales de los tractos y las pruebas de funciones ejecutivas fueron un predictor significativo del desempeño al imaginar eventos en los controles. En el caso de los pacientes las fallas en memoria de trabajo mediadas por el fascículo longitudinal superior predijeron el desempeño en el pensamiento contrafáctico episódico. Una implicación de estos hallazgos es que programas de rehabilitación orientados al pensamiento contrafáctico podrían combinar estrategias orientadas a rehabilitar la recuperación de información y la memoria de trabajo.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherDepartamento de Psicología
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleCorrelatos neurales de la memoria episódica, el pensamiento episódico futuro y el pensamiento contrafáctico episódico en controles y pacientes con esclerosis múltiple remisión recaída
dc.typeOtro


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