dc.contributorGordillo Guzmán, Gerardo
dc.contributorOtálora Bastidas, Camilo Andrés
dc.contributorGrupo de materiales semiconductores y energía solar
dc.creatorAbella Vaca, María Camila
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-12T15:11:45Z
dc.date.available2021-03-12T15:11:45Z
dc.date.created2021-03-12T15:11:45Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79351
dc.description.abstractEn este trabajo se reportan los principales aportes realizados para cumplir los objetivos de esta propuesta de tesis, donde se hizo especial énfasis en la síntesis y el estudio de propiedades ópticas, eléctricas, morfológicas y estructurales de películas delgadas del compuesto híbrido (orgánico/inorgánico) CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) crecido con estructura Perovskita, usando una nueva ruta de síntesis en dos etapas donde inicialmente se deposita por evaporación del precursor inorgánico PbI2 en ambiente de alto vacío y luego en una segunda etapa se deposita el precursor orgánico CH3NH3I (MAI) por dip- coating; el propósito es crecer este material con propiedades adecuadas para usarlo posteriormente como capa activa de celdas solares. En primera instancia se adecuo el reactor para sintetizar las películas de PbI2, el cual incluye facilidades para monitorear y controlar en forma automática el proceso de deposición de películas delgadas de PbI2 a través de un sistema electrónico desarrollado usando el concepto de Instrumentación virtual (VI); en particular este sistema permite hacer un control electrónico de la temperatura de las fuentes de evaporación del precursor, así como también de la tasa de deposición del material sobre el sustrato usando algoritmos PID (proporcional integral diferencial) y PWM (Pulse-Width-Modulated en inglés) desarrollados con el software Labview. El control automático del reactor permite preparar películas del PbI2 con un alto grado de reproducibilidad del espesor y de sus propiedades. Después de automatizar el reactor, se realizó el estudio de los parámetros de síntesis en tres fases. En la primera se estudió el efecto del espesor y de la temperatura y tiempo de recocido del PbI2 sobre las propiedades del compuesto MAPbI3; en la segunda fase se estudió el efecto de solventes usados en la etapa de dip-coating, de la concentración del CH3NH3I y de la temperatura y tiempo de deposición de la capa de MAI, sobre la formación de la capa de MAPbI3 , y en la tercera fase se llevó a cabo el estudio del efecto de tiempo y temperatura de recocido de la película de MAPbI3 obtenida en la fase anterior. El efecto de estos parámetros de síntesis sobre las propiedades estructurales, morfológicas, ópticas y eléctricas del material crecido a partir de los precursores PbI2 y CH3NH3I depositados secuencialmente mediante el método de dos pasos fueron evaluados mediante difracción de rayos X en donde se encontró que las muestras preparadas presentan mayoritariamente la fase MAPbI3; de otro lado, a través de medidas de reflectancia difusa se determinó el coeficiente de absorción α y el gap de energía Eg, cuyos valores son del orden de 105 cm-1 y 1,58 eV respectivamente, los cuales son adecuados para usar este material como capa activa de celdas solares. Adicionalmente las muestras de MAPbI3 fabricadas se analizaron usando Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) cuyos resultados mostraron que estas presentan una morfología constituida por granos de tamaño cercanos a 1μm, con lo cual se garantiza un buen transporte eléctrico. Finalmente, después de optimizar los parámetros de síntesis del compuesto MAPbI3, se fabricaron celdas solares con arquitectura Au/TiO2/ MAPbI3/P3HT/Au, y se evaluó su desempeño a través de medidas de la característica J-V.
dc.description.abstractIn this work, the main contributions made to meet the objectives of this thesis proposal are reported, where special emphasis was placed on the synthesis and study of optical, electrical, morphological and structural properties of thin films of the hybrid compound (organic / inorganic) CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) grown with Perovskite structure, using a new synthesis route in two stages where initially the inorganic precursor PbI2 is deposited by evaporation in a high vacuum environment and then in a second stage the organic precursor CH3NH3I (MAI) is deposited by dip - coating; The purpose is to grow this material with suitable properties for later use as an active layer of solar cells. In the first instance, the reactor was adapted to synthesize the PbI2 films, which includes facilities to automatically monitor and control the process of deposition of thin films of PbI2 through an electronic system developed using the concept of Virtual Instrumentation (VI). ; In particular, this system allows electronic control of the temperature of the evaporation sources of the precursor, as well as the rate of deposition of the material on the substrate using PID (proportional differential integral) and PWM (Pulse-Width-Modulated in English) developed with Labview software. The automatic control of the reactor makes it possible to prepare films of PbI2 with a high degree of reproducibility of the thickness and its properties. After automating the reactor, the study of the synthesis parameters was carried out in three phases. In the first, the effect of the thickness and the temperature and annealing time of PbI2 on the properties of the compound MAPbI3 was studied; In the second phase, the effect of solvents used in the dip-coating stage, of the concentration of CH3NH3I and of the temperature and deposition time of the MAI layer, on the formation of the MAPbI3 layer, and on the In the third phase, the study of the annealing time and temperature effect of the MAPbI3 film obtained in the previous phase was carried out. The effect of these synthesis parameters on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the material grown from the PbI2 and CH3NH3I precursors deposited sequentially by the two-step method were evaluated by X-ray diffraction where it was found that the samples prepared mainly show the MAPbI3 phase; On the other hand, through diffuse reflectance measurements, the absorption coefficient α and the energy gap Eg were determined, whose values ​​are of the order of 105 cm-1 and 1.58 eV respectively, which are suitable for using this material. as an active layer of solar cells. Additionally, the manufactured MAPbI3 samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the results of which showed that they present a morphology made up of grains with a size close to 1μm, which guarantees good electrical transport. Finally, after optimizing the synthesis parameters of the compound MAPbI3, solar cells with Au / TiO2 / MAPbI3 / P3HT / Au architecture were manufactured, and their performance was evaluated through measurements of the J-V characteristic.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Física
dc.publisherDepartamento de Física
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisherBogotá
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleSíntesis y optimización de propiedades de películas delgadas de MAPbI3 con estructura perovskita, depositadas secuencialmente usando una nueva ruta de dos pasos
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría


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