State-of-the-art evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatments. Case of study: mechanocatalytic processing of rice husk

dc.contributorCabrera Orozco, Andrés
dc.contributorLaboratorio de Investigación en Combustibles y Energía
dc.creatorGutiérrez Alarcón, Jennifer Alejandra Patricia
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-14T17:23:39Z
dc.date.available2020-12-14T17:23:39Z
dc.date.created2020-12-14T17:23:39Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-19
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78709
dc.description.abstractDespite the dwindling of fossil energy sources and their environmental impacts, the participation of these sources represent an important percentage in the global energy matrix and the production of their derived chemicals is continuously growing. Therefore, modern society should develop alternative and renewable energy sources as well as bio-based chemicals. This document provides insights into the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as a suitable and viable alternative to fossil sources. It should be remarked that feasibility, viability and outbreak of renewable sources will not only depend on environmental benefits but also on current regulations and laws since some of them are currently in economic disadvantage. In this regard, pretreatment methods, used to separate the main plant polymers are reviewed, including a discussion on factors contributing to its inefficient conversion. Further, three semi-industrialized methods (steam explosion, ammonia fiber expansion, and reactive extrusion) were compared with a novel pretreatment process: mechanocatalysis. The analysis included economic, environmental, chemical and process safety indicators as well as severity of the different pretreatments. The literature review and later analysis suggested that steam explosion represents the most adequate alternative when the main objective is to preserve the cellulosic fraction of biomass to produce second generation biofuels. In addition, mechanocatalysis is more prone to render high water soluble products that preserve the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of lignocellulosic biomass and a solid lignin-containing fraction in a one-pot process. However these advantages compensate only partially the high energetic barrier imposed by the mechanical technology with a reported energy consumption of approximately 1.16 times the energy content of the substrate in a one kilogram scale, which limits it use for biofuels production. Finally, rice husk pretreatment was studied, the material is a lignocellulosic low cost substrate in Colombia and its potentiality processing was also evaluated and proposed with mechanocatalysis and the other researched methods.
dc.description.abstractActualmente un porcentaje importante de la canasta energética global se encuentra atribuido al uso de fuentes fósiles, e incluso a pesar de su agotamiento, la producción de sus derivados se encuentra en continuo crecimiento. La sociedad moderna debe implementar energías alternativas y fuentes renovables. Dada la importancia de la biomasa lignocelulósica, al ser el material renovable más abundante en el planeta, este documento proporciona información sobre su uso potencial como alternativa a las fuentes fósiles. Es imperativo considerar que la factibilidad, viabilización y auge de la implementación de una fuente renovable sobre una fósil va a depender no solo de sus ventajas ambientales sino también de las regulaciones y normatividad vigentes toda vez que evidentemente algunas de estas se encuentran actualmente en desventaja económica. En este sentido, se presentan los métodos de pretratamiento utilizados actualmente en el procesamiento de biomasa lignocelulósica discutiendo aspectos como su recalcitrancia y los principales factores que contribuyen a su conversión ineficiente. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de tres métodos semi-industriales (explosión por vapor, expansión de fibra de amoníaco y extrusión reactiva) junto con un método en etapa de investigación llamado mecanocatálisis. En el análisis se incluyeron indicadores económicos, ambientales, de seguridad química y de proceso además de analizar la severidad de los diferentes pretratamientos. La revisión bibliográfica y el posterior análisis comparativo sugirió que la explosión por vapor representa la alternativa más adecuada cuando el objetivo principal es preservar la fracción celulósica de la biomasa para la producción de biocombustibles de segunda generación. Sin embargo, la mecanocatálisis es un método más propenso a producir directamente productos solubles en agua además de una fracción sólida que contiene lignina poco degradada, combinando pretratamiento e hidrólisis en una sola etapa. Lo anterior abre la posibilidad de producir fracciones de celulosa y hemicelulosa altamente sacarificables, y una fracción de lignina que puede ser modificada catalíticamente. Sin embargo, estas ventajas compensan solo parcialmente la alta barrera energética impuesta por el tratamiento mecánico, cuyo consumo de energía reportado a escala de un kilogramo es 1.16 veces el contenido energético del sustrato y que limita su uso para la producción de biocombustibles. Finalmente, se estudió específicamente el pretratamiento de la cascarilla de arroz, la cual es un sustrato lignocelulósico de bajo costo y disponible en el contexto colombiano a la luz de la mecanocatálisis y los demás métodos investigados.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.titleState-of-the-art evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatments. Case of study: mechanocatalytic processing of rice husk
dc.typeOtro


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