Persistencia y depuración de Trichomonas vaginalis en una cohorte de mujeres colombianas

dc.contributorCamargo, Sandra Milena
dc.contributorPatarroyo Gutierrez, Manuel Alfonso
dc.contributorBiología Molecular e InmunologíaFundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia
dc.creatorHernandez Buelvas, Lauren Dayam
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-06T14:37:57Z
dc.date.available2022-09-06T14:37:57Z
dc.date.created2022-09-06T14:37:57Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82256
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.description.abstractLas Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) son una causa importante de morbilidad, generando gran impacto por las secuelas a las que conllevan. Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), es la ITS parasitaria de mayor distribución, siendo sugerida su asociación con el desarrollo de Cáncer de Cérvix (CC). En la actualidad es considerada como una infección desatendida, por lo que estudios dirigidos a determinar su distribución e impacto en la población resultan relevantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dinámica de infección, depuración y persistencia de T. vaginalis en una cohorte retrospectiva de mujeres provenientes de tres ciudades de Colombia y la evolución de asociaciones longitudinales de diversos factores de riesgo en relación con el curso clínico de las infecciones parasitarias. Este estudio hace parte de una cohorte bidireccional (componente prospectivo y retrospectivo); en el análisis prospectivo, se realizó la toma de muestras cervicales entre abril de 2007 y marzo de 2010 en tres centros hospitalarios de Colombia: Hospital San Juan Bautista – Chaparral, el Nuevo Hospital San Rafael – Girardot, y el Hospital de Engativá Nivel II; en el componente prospectivo, se determinó la historia natural de la infección por VPH y C. trachomatis. En el componente retrospectivo (correspondiente a este estudio), se realizó la identificación de T. vaginalis por PCR convencional con el uso de dos juegos de cebadores: TVK1/7 y BTUB2/9 y Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) usando el juego de cebadores RNAH1/2. Se empelaron modelos de riesgo proporcional de Cox para evaluar la relación entre el desenlace de las infecciones por T. vaginalis y los factores de riesgo (como ITS activas, factores sociodemográficos y comportamentales). Un total de 264 mujeres fueron incluidas en el estudio retrospectivo; la media de edad fue 41,8 años (DE= 10,9); un 26,1% (n= 64) presentaron T. vaginalis al inicio 6 del estudio, un 40,9% (n= 108) tuvieron al menos un episodio de infección incidente y el 13,0% (n= 23) presentó más de un episodio de T. vaginalis; las tasas de infección y depuración fueron 3,4 y 15,0 por cada 100 personas en un mes, respectivamente. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo asociados con el desenlace de T. vaginalis, mujeres con VPH tuvieron mayor riesgo (aHR= 1,59; IC 95%= 1,08-2,35) de infección parasitaria, siendo la carga viral (CV) alta (>102) para VPH-16 relacionada con un mayor riesgo de infección parasitaria y para VPH-18 y -33 una menor probabilidad de depuración de T. vaginalis, la etnia (afrodescendiente/indígena) y más de dos compañeros sexuales fueron factores relacionados con un mayor riesgo (aHR= 5,11 and aHR=1,94, respectivamente) de infección parasitaria; en contraste, aquellas con antecedentes de abortos presentaron menor probabilidad (aHR= 0,50; IC 95%= 0,27-0,94) de presentar T. vaginalis. En cuanto a los factores relacionados con la persistencia parasitaria, los resultados mostraron que mujeres entre los 35 a 49 años (aHR= 2,08; IC 95%= 1,12-3,88), el incremento en el número de años desde el inicio de la vida sexual (aHR= 1,10; IC 95%= 1,02-1,19), múltiples parejas sexuales (aHR= 8,86; IC 95%= 1, ,13-12,33) y mujeres multíparas (aHR= 3,85; IC 95%= 1,16-12,81), fueron características que aumentaron la probabilidad de tener infecciones persistentes. Finalmente, mujeres con empeoramiento del hallazgo cervical (diagnosticado por colposcopia) a través del tiempo, presentaron 9,99 veces más probabilidad de persistencia de T. vaginalis. Se sabe que la mayor parte de las infecciones por T. vaginalis cursan asintomáticas, por lo que la epidemiología y la verdadera carga de éstas en términos de la salud pública, aún son desconocidos. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la distribución del parásito es elevada en la población analizada; la coexistencia con VPH y otros factores riesgo, influyen en la dinámica de las infecciones de T. vaginalis y la progresión de lesiones a nivel cervical; estos datos sugieren la relevancia de la detección rutinaria de esta parasitosis, principalmente en población en riesgo. 7 Este estudio aporta información sobre la epidemiología, depuración y persistencia de las infecciones causadas por esta parasitosis en población colombiana; la comprensión de los factores relacionados con la dinámica de T. vaginalis y la influencia de factores de riesgo es relevante y plantea nuevos retos en el abordaje e implementación de estrategias acertadas que mejoren la calidad de vida en la población femenina. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractTrichomonas vaginalis (TV), the most common non-viral sexually-transmitted infection is considered a neglected infection and its epidemiology is not well known. This study determined TV-infection dynamics in a retrospective cohort of Colombian women and evaluated associations between risk factors and TV-outcome. TV was identifed by PCR. Cox proportional risk models were used for evaluating the relationship between TV-outcome (infection, clearance and persistence) and risk factors (sexually-transmitted infections and sociodemographic characteristics). Two hundred and sixty-four women were included in the study; 26.1% had TV at the start of the study, 40.9% sufered at least one episode of infection and 13.0% sufered more than one episode of TV during the study. Women sufering HPV had a greater risk of TV-infection (aHR 1.59), high viral-load (> 102 ) for HPV16 being related to a greater risk of persistent parasite infection; a high viral load (> 102 ) for HPV-18 and -33 was related to a lower probability of TV-clearance. Ethnicity (afrodescendent/indigenous people: aHR 5.11) and having had more than two sexual partners (aHR 1.94) were related to greater risk of infection, contrasting with women having a background of abortions and lower probability of having TV (aHR 0.50). Women aged 35- to 49-years-old (aHR 2.08), increased years of sexual activity (aHR 1.10), multiple sexual partners (aHR 8.86) and multiparous women (aHR 3.85) led to a greater probability of persistence. Women whose cervical fndings worsened had a 9.99 greater probability of TVpersistence. TV distribution was high in the study population; its coexistence with HPV and other risk factors infuenced parasite infection dynamics. The results suggested that routine TV detection should be considered regarding populations at risk of infection.
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Microbiología
dc.publisherInstituto de Biotecnología (IBUN)
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisherBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titlePersistencia y depuración de Trichomonas vaginalis en una cohorte de mujeres colombianas
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría


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