Caracterización de los desenlaces maternos y fetales en pacientes con diabetes gestacional en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael

Abstract

Gestational diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy. It is defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy and it is associated with maternal-fetal adverse outcomes. Objective: To characterize the maternal and fetal adverse outcomes in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted, reviewing the medical records of women with gestational diabetes and their adverse outcomes. Results: 100 patients with diagnosis of gestational diabetes were included, which met the eligibility criteria. The average age of the patients was 30 years old, the average gestational age was reported in 37 weeks, the screening was mostly through the one-step 63% strategy vs. two steps 16%. Among the risk factors of patients with gestational diabetes, the most frequent were obesity and overweight in 38% and 11% respectively. With respect to maternal adverse outcomes, preeclampsia is considered to be 17%. Among the outcomes affected for the newborn, the prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia and macrosomia was low (2% and 3% respectively). On the other hand, 22% of newborns required admission to the neonatal unit and of these, 50% were secondary to respiratory distress. There was no statistically significant difference for adverse outcomes comparing one step vs two step screening. Conclusions: Among the maternal-fetal adverse outcomes, there is the development of preeclampsia, fetal hyperinsulinism and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Multiparity was associated with hypertensive disorder (p 0.031) and preterm birth (p 0.048) in women with gestational diabetes. Obesity and pregestational overweight are found in a significant percentage of patients with gestational diabetes.