Caracterización de malformaciones congénitas en recién nacidos en siete hospitales de Bogotá y un hospital de Tunja 2016-2018

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Congenital malformations are pathologies that are presented with anatomical alterations during intrauterine stage. About 60% have an indeterminate etiology; the rest may be associated with environmental or genetic issues. Congenital anomalies have a prevalence of 3% in our country. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in seven hospitals of Bogotá and one of Tunja in the period of 2016 - 2018. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study in which we carry out an univariate and exploratory analysis of the variables that were obtained from a secondary source of information. The study sample corresponded to newborns with congenital malformations between May from 2016 to June 2018 in seven hospitals in Bogotá and one in Tunja. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We found 1396 newborns, 938 cases (67.2%) presented isolated malformations. Preauricular appendages predominated (7,5%) followed by equinovarus foot deformity (5,1%), polydactyly (3,9%) and Down syndrome (3,3%). The highest prevalence of polimalformations was found in cardiac anomalies, the association between persistent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect was demonstrated. The diagnostic evidence of prenatal ultrasound reached only 21.3%, this being a very low percentage for what was expected, taking into account that they are pathologies that must be diagnosed at prenatal terms.