El “despertar islámico”: narrativa de la política exterior de Irán 2011 – 2016

Abstract

2011 set a decisive moment for the Middle East; The protests (Arab Revolts) that broke out in the MENA region due to structural factors of a political and socio-economic nature, created a favorable outlook to promote a new approach in Iran's foreign policy. These events changed the landscape, turning it into an opportunity for the interests of Tehran, which through the narrative of the "Islamic Awakening" has sought to rearrange itself in the international context by invigorating different elements that, in general, have characterized its interactions with the neighborhood. and the international system. Iranian foreign policy is the product of several factors that sometimes overlap such as: the ideology of the Islamic revolution, the perception of leadership and threats, national interests and interaction between different factions and groups within the country. Therefore, this document intends to contribute to the discussion of how the Iranian government, from the narrative of the "Islamic Awakening" has projected its relations in the domestic sphere and with similar States, seeking a better positioning in the international system, correcting the course drawn from previous approaches such as those developed during the presidency of Mahmud Ahmadinejad. Accordingly, it became necessary to approach the subject from the perspective of Subaltern Realism (Mohamed Ayoob), as an alternative vision to the dominant paradigms in International Relations, which partially explain aspects such as: the origins of inter and intrastate conflicts and the variables that determine the behavior of the States of the Global South. In this way, the construction of the State, the postcolonial order, the regional conflicts and the behavior of Iran towards these categories, will be the center of the present discussion, to finally deliver some conclusions about the tendencies and problems that result in the new pragmatism of Iranian foreign policy.