INGENIERÍA INVERSA DE UN MARCO DE DISTRACCIÓN DINÁMICO PARA TRATAMIENTO DE LESIONES DE COLUMNA A NIVEL LUMBAR

Abstract

Abstract The type of i l lness and problems presented in the heal th centers as in the Inst i tuto Nacional de Rehabi l i tación ( INR) is a reflect ion of urban development and the type of work that perform the capi tal 's populat ion, which is why the increasing demand for instabi l i ty column is reflected in the ci t izenry wi th physical jobs (bui lders, masons, laborers, workers, etc. . ) added to pat ients caused by trauma f rom motor vehicle accidents and pat ients wi th deformi t ies such as scol iosis, cause a high rate of disabi l i ty. The t reatment for unstable spine is varied and depends on the type of cause that produces i t , so somet imes i t is necessar y to study thus symptoms between them can be very simi lar. However , the fi rst al ternat ive is a conservat ive treatment such as analgesics, ant i -inflammatories, physiotherapy and even immobi l izat ion, but in the case that no improvement or if considered from the beginning the diagnosed wi l l be more aggressive, as internal immobi l izat ion in order to restore anatomical integri ty and reduce spinal injury. Avai lable on the market there is signif icant number of implants. However, in the case where adjustments is necessary and do not affect the integri ty of pat ients , the dynamic f ramework f rom Dr. Morales has shown a good outcome. The implant is composed of two frames ergonomical ly designed to be fixed to the vertebrae spinous and instrumented wi th sublaminar wi re. T he frames are joined by two connectors that al low to adjust the height . Connectors are located on the prisoners that block the movement of the frames after set t ing the height . The implant is made of the al loy Ti -6Al -4V medical degree. Cur rent ly when a pat ient requires this implant i t is taken into account the damaged area and measures the injury based on X- ray. In this manner the sui table size avai lable wi l l be selected. However , i t has been observed that somet imes, the implant does not cover the af fected a rea and/or unstable part is less or covers more area than is observed in the fi rst evaluat ion wi t h aid SEPI ESIME ZACATENCO x of the X-ray, as a consequence there are problems in the inst rumentat ion of the implant in the pat ient . Furthermore, this implant in the same way has presented di f ficul t ies when joining in surgery, these problems are due to the lack of qual i ty in the manufacturing of the implant . To avoid these problems, in this thesis reverse engineering is used to discover problems associated wi th manufacturing and in the same t ime to recommend the mechanical design methodology to propose new design speci ficat ions, taking into account the requests and constraints of di fferent costumers in the inst rumentat ion and manufacturing. With the object ive to discover problems related wi th the manufacturing of the implant , i t was necessary to take two pieces of a lot , that samples were made a scanning to obtain the characterist ics of the pieces. Those implants we re employed to generate CAD models that were later analyzed and compared. On the other hand, for the creat ion of a new set wi th a rel iable approx imat ion to the populat ion intended, we per formed a ret rospect ive study of a year, which helped establ ish the requi rement measures to cover the implants, consider ing the demands and rest rict ions of the surgeon for inst rumentat ion, and also the avai lable inf rast ructure to manufacture the implant . Once these considerat ions were taken, the new design was adjusted