Tesis
EFECTO DEL ESTRÉS AGUDO SOBRE EL TEJIDO LINFOIDE ASOCIADO A NARIZ EN EL RATÓN
Fecha
2011-05-11Autor
M en C. OROS PANTOJA, RIGOBERTO
Institución
Resumen
EFFECT OF ACUTE STRESS ON THE ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE IN
THE MOUSE NOSE
The mucosal immune system (MALT) includes tissues associated with
mucosal surfaces in respiratory, digestive and urinary system, which defend the
body from foreign antigens. The nose-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is a
compartment that induces the immune response and is located on the floor of
the nose of some rodents, while the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa
represents the effector compartment.
Stress causes the sympathetic nervous system activation (sympathetic
neural and adrenomedullary way) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(adrenocortical way). Activation of these systems causes increased secretion
of glucocorticoid hormones and catecholamines. These hormones interact with
receptors on immune cells leading to changes in their response. The aim of this
study was to determine the effects of stress on the number of lymphocytes in
the induction and effector compartment and IgA levels in nasal mucus
secretion. 10 week old CD1 male mice were used, divided into following issue
groups: Stress by immobilization for 4 hour in a single session, adrenelectomy,
chemical simpatectomy and treated with antagonists, alpha and beta adrenergic
who also were treated with the same patterrn of stress and the respective
controls.
From each animal, we obtained the NALT and immunostaining were
performed to quantify B cells (CD19 +, B220 + (CD45), IgA +) and T
lymphocytes (CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 +) by flow cytometry. The secretion of IgA
in the nasal wash was determined by ELISA. In groups of animals was
quantified plasma corticosterone levels by ELISA and levels of adrenaline by
radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the results, and acute stress in all treatment
groups; Adredrenalectomy, chemical sympathectomy and treated with alpha
and beta adrenergic antagonists, caused a decrease in the total number of cells
with respect to their control groups. Ablation of the main stress-related
hormones independently, did not prevent the changes on the number and NALT
cell populations during stress. The mechanisms related to these responses, are
possibly due to activation of compensatory mechanisms, which main purpose is
to preserve the homeostasis or possibly due to the synergistic action of two
systems of stress. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and
sympathetic nervous system, reflected by increased levels of adrenaline and
corticosterone provoked an increase in secretory IgA levels in nasal mucus
during stress and stress in the treatment groups.
We conclude that NALT is sensitive to the scheme of stress used and the
treatments, affecting the cells of the cellular immune response (T cells) as those
of the humoral (B lymphocytes and IgA +), possibly due to the influence of
hormones secreted during stress. The main effect of stress, they may be
attributed to changes in cellular trafficking, because the hormones have a direct
and specific to different populations of lymphocytes, or the indirect effects these
have on vascular tone.