SEGURIDAD E INTEGRIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DE PLATAFORMAS MARINAS

Abstract

The offshore structural systems have been used in the oil industry for decades, with the oil and gas one of the most regulated industries in the world when it comes to security. An offshore platform is a floating metal structure and / or installed on the seabed and attached to this through piles or lines of fixation. The main function of this structure is to allow the installation of the equipment required for the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. In addition, system security is usually obtained by structural design according to the rules and established methods, for an expected useful life. If a structure is intended to be used beyond their design life, should be implemented a comprehensive security control. In particular this could be important with regard to fatigue and other mechanisms of damage. However, rules and regulations have been modified since the original design. The prospect of the country in terms of energy security and economic growth is at risk due to the exploration and development efforts undertaken by PEMEX have provided sometimes unsatisfactory. One consequence is precisely the structural collapse of marine platforms. In general, the collapse of a structural system as in the case of an offshore platform can be understood as the occurrence of any failure leading to partial or total loss of the facility (including equipment, etc.). In general, the collapse of a structural system as in the case of an offshore platform can be understood as the occurrence of any failure leading to partial or total loss of the facility (including equipment, etc.). In recent years, there have been a lot of research on stress concentration in joints tubular structures. In addition, it can be argued that since the design and construction of the first offshore platforms has intensified research on tubular structures. Most of these have been motivated by the need to ensure a reliable design of tubular structures. On the other hand, the aging of these structures makes us feel the need to opt for new methods for assessing the integrity of existing structures. The cylindrical hollow tubular structures of offshore platforms are subjected to subsidence of increasing external loads. This makes these structures are exposed to loads, sometimes beyond their structural design, resulting in structural failure of these systems as shown in accidents that have occurred in recent years. This thesis project stems from a need to carry out applied research in a particular case of a fixed offshore platform located in the Campeche Sound.