Cuidado de si de indivíduos após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica

Abstract

The general objective was: to comprehend how the care of themselves occurs in individuals that had a surgery of myocardium revascularization. The specific objectives were: to know the meaning of surgery of myocardial revascularization in life of revascularized individuals; to know the routine of individuals submitted to surgery of myocardial revascularization; to analyze the provoked changes by surgery of myocardial revascularization in life of revascularized individuals. This is a qualitative search, with 10 revascularized individuals in a public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The rules to search involving human beings of 196/96 Resolution of Health National Council of Health Ministry were respected. The collection of data occurs between January and April of 2013, by narrative interviews. The data was subjected to thematic content analyses. The results of this search are arranged in four articles. The first one is a integrative review of literature that contributes to deepen the thematic. The other articles are about the field search. In the first article were described the evidence about the needs of care and the factors that influence in the daily of patient after surgery of myocardial revascularization. The results pointed that the day by day after surgery includes a need of changes in life style. The negative repercussion of myocardial revascularization includes anxiety, depression and medical monitoring, and the positive factor is the decrease of angina signals. The second article is about the meanings of surgery of myocardial revascularization to revascularized individuals. The emerged themes: the cardiac disease is to elderly; scare risk of imminent death; physical and psychic improvement; modification of corporal image, opportunity of life. The third one is about the daily of individuals submitted to surgery of myocardial revascularization. The thematic categories were: the unawareness and the (lake of)care of revascularized individuals about their health before the surgery and the need of care of themselves and the implications in their routine after the surgery. The last article is about the provoked changes by the surgery of myocardial revascularization in life of revascularized individuals, seeking the care of themselves. The categories were: now I take care of myself; the two-way of care; the imposition of care; the valorization of life; the attitude in face of material goods; the attitude in relationships and with the nearest relatives. It is understood that the professionals of health need to be stimulating agents of self-care to revascularized individuals. The individuals and their families should have the opportunity of moments to discuss and to share doubts and anguish with the health professionals. These meetings can happen in groups or even in individualized consults of nursing, the professionals should be able to stimulate these people to follow an active life and independent, keeping the enthusiasm in cares with health.