Analgesia em mastectomia unilateral total - abordagem e discussão

Abstract

Mammary neoplasies are related to approximately half of tumors observed in bitches. Although they are less dominant in cats, this tumor is the third type more commonly observed in this specie. Primarily, they affect old animals, being the non-castrated female more affected, or else, those who were submitted to ovariohysterectomy procedure later in age. Surgery removal is the basis for treatment. At the Veterinary Hospital at the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), from January to May of 2012, 51,95% of neoplasy extirpation surgeries consisted of total unilateral mastectomy, which demonstrates the high level of incidence of these surgical procedure. Usually, oncologic surgical techniques are quite radical, and the total unilateral mastectomy consists of a procedure which results in an acute pain stimulus of somatic origin, that is considered from mild to intense, because despite it manipulates superficial structures, they involve a great cutaneous area, from igneal zone to thoracic zone, causing a superficial wound of great dimension. The objective of this study was to analyze and discuss 40 analgesia protocols of total unilateral mastectomy, performed at the HVU-UFSM from January to May, 2012; and to suggest new means and techniques to provide an efficient analgesia to patients who have undergone to this procedure. According to the literature, we have concluded that most protocols were suitable, but some have not provided the required analgesia for this level of pain, ratifying the need to provide a multimodal and efficient analgesia with the lowest side effects possible, to contribute to the recovery and well-being of the patient submitted to total unilateral mastectomy, aiming at giving better quality of life to the animal.