Distribuição de renda no Brasil contemporâneo: retratos da desigualdade social

Abstract

The Brazilian economy has gained three decades of economic growth since World War II. Contrary to the growth process, we can observe a drop in the level of well-being of the population. Recent data, in 2017, show that, even though it ranks 9th in the ranking of the world's largest Gross Domestic Product, Brazil is a poor country, ranking 10th among the most unequal countries in the world and the 4th in Latin America (IPRI, 2017). This discrepancy is attributed to the fact that Brazilian economic growth is occurring in a concentrated way, that is, without the distribution of income to the most deprived population. It is this contexto that permeates the problematic of this study: What is the dynamics presented by the distribution of income in Brazil after the macroeconomic stabilization of the mid 1990s? The central objective is to analyze the behavior of the distribution of income in Brazil in the period after the implementation of the Real Plan. The methodology adopted is of the analytical and descriptive type, with a qualitative approach. For this study, we opted for data analysis with sample size for the five regions of Brazil. Data analysis was done through the manipulation of descriptive statistics instruments. As main results, it is possible to perceive a certain concentration of income in some groups of the society, as between male people, white people and urban people. However, income distribution appears to be improving in favor of historically disadvantaged minorities and regions. In this way, it is verified that per capita income, besides explaining variations in income inequality, is further intensifying the gap between rich and poor.