Qualidade da madeira e rentabilidade na produção de Pinus taeda L. visando múltiplos mercados

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the behavior of simulations forest production in relation to the physical production and the market, considering costs and changes in prices paid to different assortments to knotwood and clearwood. To obtain the prognose of growth and production used the software FlorExcel® in module for Growth and Production. It was considered forest plantations located in Ponte Alta do Norte-SC. Two systems have been tested for thinning and clearcutting, both with thinning the 9, 12 and 16 years with 950, 700, 450 and 250 trees per hectare remaining, respectively. In the system of thinning I, the clearcutting was between 23 and 25 years with the addition of a further thinning in the year 20 with 250 trees per hectare remaining. In the system of thinning II, has simulated the clearcutting between 19 and 22 years. Three different systems pruning were simulated, where, in the first, only a pruning to 3 years with 2 meters high in all the trees, in the second system, pruning to 5 years with 4 meters high at 950 trees per hectare, in addition to pruning occurred in the first system and the third system, a pruning to 7 years with 6 meters high at 450 trees per hectare, Beyond of the pruning occurred in the systems I and II. There were simulations into three classes of site, divided into I - good, II- medium and III bad. It was analyzed for each simulation, 10 differentiation of price between knotwood and clearwood, in a scale ranging from 0 to 100% in increments of 10% in the clearwood price in relation of knotwood price. The used indicator for evaluating sceneries was the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The realization of just one pruning resulted only in knotwood; in the realization of the second and third pruning, there was availability of clearwood in the 1st and 2nd log, respectively, suggesting an improving quality by realization of two and three pruning. For the classes of site I and II, the production system II with 3 pruning and clearcutting in the year 19, presents the highest IRR. Already in the class site III, is indicated the management system I with 3 pruning and shallow cut to 23 years for greater financial return. The results suggest that the mobilization of capital in the operations of pruning is advantageous for all classes of site, provided that the increase price of clearwood is at least 19% on knotwood.