Cidadania: o papel da disciplina de história na construção de cidadãos plenos a partir de um olhar histórico reflexivo

Abstract

The motion of this dissertation is researching about the constitution of the citizenship‟s concept. I started from the Greek ideal and discoursed about its transformation along the History. I searched subsidies in the historical configuration in what concerns to societies‟ organization in order to comprehend the Brazilian contemporary reality. Having the social‟s depreciate and the individualism‟s supremacy in the modern society in view, it is important to form an opinion about what is citizenship. In this context, the History‟s teaching for learners in social and critical formation becomes an important ally in this concept‟s effective. In order to do this theoretical resumé, I developed a bibliographical research, which is the first part of the dissertation. This study bases the interviews‟ interpretation. These interviews were made with History teachers from Elementary education. About the subject‟s collaborations to this research, I choose to work with the Oral History‟s methodology, into the modality of Thematic Oral History. In this process, I used semi -structured questionnaires to do the interviews. After this, I added the observations of the teachers‟ practice. I put in relief that many authors contributed into this dissertation‟s development: Meihy (1996) and Thompson (1992), concerning about Oral History. In what refers to citizenship‟s concept in Brazil, Carvalho (1987, 1990, 2001 and 2008) was the main theorist. In what refers to the theoretical analyses of the citizenship‟s configuration in the bourgeois post-revolution societies, Marshall (1967) gave the subsidies to the comprehension of this specific configuration. Thus it was possible to identify that the status of citizenship in the contemporary society wasn‟t reached by all the citizens. It is possible to verify the co-existence of plenty-citizens, citizens, non-citizens and an estadania in the present social configuration.