Matrícula obrigatória na educação infantil: impactos no município de Santa Maria - RS

Abstract

This dissertation presents results of a research carried out in the Master s Degree in Education Course, linked to the LP2 line of research: School Practice and Public Policy, of Education Graduate Program at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). This study presents as theme early childhood education public policiy of the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), based on the 59th Amendment of the Constitution of Brazil, enacted on November 11th, 2009 (BRASIL, 2009a), which has modified its Article 208 (BRASIL, 1988), extending compulsory education from 4 to 17 years old. The main objective of this research is to analyze the expansion process of early childhood education vacancy in the Municipal Public Education System of Santa Maria RS, considering the compulsory school enrollment from 4 years old, in the period from 2009 to 2016. The specific objectives are: a) to describe the process of early childhood education in Brazil; b) to understand the development movements of public policy in early childhood education context; and c) to analyze the developed actions by the Municipal Public Education System of Santa Maria, in order to operationalize policies of compulsory school enrollment of basic education of children from 4 years old. The methodology used is the qualitative approach, from the case study type. It has used as analytical sources data from School Census, available on the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) plataform, and systematized data from State Audit Court of Rio Grande do Sul (TCE/RS), besides the education laws and legislation of Santa Maria RS, documents from Municipal Education Department of Santa Maria and semi-structured interview with the Municipal Council of Education. The theoretical background is guided by studies on childhood and early childhood education in Brazil, using articles by Kramer (1987), Rosemberg (2002), Campos (2010), among others, and studies on educational policies and their development in educational management, discussing researches by Dourado; Oliveira; Santos (2007), Cury (2002), Lück (2006), Vieira (2001), among others. This study indicates that the public education system of Santa Maria has expanded its offer in nursery and pre-school classes in the last seven years, but it has not reached the goal of universalizing pre-school. The actions of Santa Maria s City Hall to expand access to early childhood education are guided by vacancy purchase in private educational institutions of Santa Maria, strengthening, therefore, the public-private partnership.