Análises de custos e de viabilidade econômica para sistemas fotovoltaicos: painéis fixos e painéis móveis

Abstract

The Brazilian energy matrix for electricity generation depends essentially on hydroelectric generation to supply increasing consumption, although thermoelectric plants supply part of this demand, the environmental needs and the possibilities to generate electricity from renewable sources have been encouraging investments and growth in the alternative generation sector. Photovoltaic solar energy has been highlighted due to the great energy potential and solar availability of Brazil. The efficiency of photovoltaic systems depends on several aspects among which the following: quality of photovoltaic cells, shading in cells, ability to track the sun in order to maximize the incidence of solar radiation, among others. This work analyzes the constructive characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of three photovoltaic generation projects with different structure supports for panels: fixed, mobile structure (tracker) in one direction and mobile in two directions. Finally, an economic and financial analysis of the three projects is carried out to identify which project has the greatest efficiency, aspects of improvement and innovation. Despite demonstrating a greater efficiency of the mobile structures when compared to the fixed structure, they present an economic financial result that makes it impossible to replace fixed structures with mobile structures.