Má-fé e psicanálise existencial em Sartre

Abstract

This work aims to reconstruct and discuss the general concepts of bad faith and existential psychoanalysis in phenomenological ontology of Jean-Paul Sartre, presented in his Being and Nothingness (1943). The two terms arise in the wake of ontological and phenomenological description of human reality undertaken by the French philosopher, in which he defines human reality as basically consisting of ontological freedom and lack of identity. Instead of being, the human is characterized by its making, and this is its most fundamental characteristic. Defined as a movement, the human condition is addressed precisely the realization of identity that, like a mirage on the horizon, is ontologically forbidden and therefore unattainable. This tendency to perform an impossible identity added to the definition of self as one to engender within an individual human reality, the experience of distress. And this anxiety motivates the bad faith, triple phenomenon lies, belief and conduct. A forgery of human reality consists of simultaneous corruption of belief and commitment of conduct. Through bad faith deceives the human individual is a reality and establishes individual apologies and excuses in an attempt to rebut the anguish of their horizon of experience. In the process, you lose access to the authentic human reality, plunging the entire error in thinking and living. In the interest of purifying the human reality of this atmosphere of error and deception, Sartre develops a method called existential psychoanalysis. With a course similar to that of traditional psychoanalysis, existential psychoanalysis operates in conjunction with the phenomenological ontology and provides an authentic picture of a human person, beyond the comprehension of bad faith. The assumption of genuine freedom, however, is the jurisdiction of individual responsibility.