Propagação in vitro e ex vitro de Symplocos uniflora (Pohl.) Benth. (Symplocaceae)

Abstract

The Symplocos uniflora species is a native tree that reaches up to 10m tall, belonging to the Symplocaceae family. It is popularly known as pau-de-canga, maria-mole-do-banhado and sete-sangria. Virtually, there is no information in the literature on reproduction, growth and development of this species, whose studies of forms of propagation is essential. Thus, the present study intended to examine the sexual and vegetative propagation of the species S. uniflora through protocols for seed germination and micropropagation. Fruit and vegetative material of adult plants from the Botanical Garden of UFSM were collected. The fruits without pulp, containing the seeds were used to evaluate the effect of temperature, storage time, light, collection time, the application of chemical and mechanical scarification, besides the use of gibberellic acid on seed germination of S. uniflora. Plants grown in a greenhouse were used as donor explants (nodal and apical segment) in order to obtain the direct organogenesis. In the study, MS medium and different combinations of auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. The presence of light is essential for the germination of Symplocos uniflora, being classified as positive photoblastic preferred. The use of pre-germination treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid is favorable for overcoming seed dormancy. Of the substrates analyzed, the filter paper showed the best germination percentages and speed of germination. Plantmax® substrate offered the highest length of air shoots. In micropropagation, the average percentage of air shoots was 29% with no occurrence of root formation.